RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION
(Imprint: SAMS PUBLISHING)
(Imprint: MACMILLAN)
Author: DAVID PITTS ET AL
Publication Date: 1998
ISBN: 0672311739

Part I - Introduction and Installation of Linux

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Advantages of Linux

• Copyright and Warranty

• Where to Get Red Hat Linux

• System Requirements

  • System Requirements—Intel

  • System Requirements—SPARC

  • System Requirements—Alpha

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Be Prepared, Be Very Prepared!

• Installing Red Hat Linux

  • Creating the Boot and Supplemental Disks

  • Installing Without Using a Boot Floppy

  • Virtual Consoles

  • Dialog Boxes

  • Booting

  • The Installation Program

  • Selecting an Installation Method

  • CD-ROM Installation

  • Disk Partitioning

  • Installing Packages

  • Setting Your Root Password

  • Finishing the Installation

• The Red Hat Package Manager

  • RPM Usage

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Installing and Configuring LILO

  • Configuring LILO

  • Editing lilo.conf

  • LILO Boot Prompt Options

• Using LOADLIN.EXE to Boot Linux

• How to Uninstall LILO

• Summary

Part II - Configuring Other Servers

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• The Boot Process

• The Initialization Process and Startup Scripts

  • init and /etc/inittab

  • /etc/inittab and System States

  • Runlevel 0: /etc/rc.d/rc0.d

  • Runlevel 1: /etc/rc.d/rc1.d

  • Runlevel 2: /etc/rc.d/rc2.d

  • Runlevel 3: /etc/rc.d/rc3.d

  • Runlevel 4: /etc/rc.d/rc4.d

  • Runlevel 5: /etc/rc.d/rc5.d

  • Runlevel 6: /etc/rc.d/rc6.d

• tksysv and Managing Your Services

• Shutting Down the Linux System

  • shutdown

  • halt and reboot

• When the System Crashes

  • Running as Root

  • Creating a Boot Disk

    • Ackpht! Argggh! I've Deleted My Document!

  • Your File Toolbox

    • e2fsck

    • badblocks

    • fsck

    • dump and restore

    • dumpe2fs

    • tune2fs

    • mke2fs

    • debugfs

  • Red Hat to the Rescue! When the System Won't Boot

  • For More Information

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

  • Acquiring the Source Tree

  • Patching the Source Tree

  • Modules

• Configuring the Linux Kernel

  • Starting the Configuration

  • Stepping Through the Menus

    • Loadable Module Support

    • General Setup

  • Floppy, IDE, and Other Block Devices

  • Networking Options

  • SCSI Support

  • SCSI Low-Level Drivers

  • Network Device Support

  • ISDN Subsystem

  • CD-ROM Drivers

  • Filesystems

    • Character Devices

    • Kernel Hacking

  • Final Notes About Configuration

• Building the Kernel

• Installing the Kernel

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Installation

  • Logging in to the CDE

  • The Desktop Environment

• Customizing Your Session

  • The Style Manager

    • The Workspace Manager

    • Subpanels

    • Shell and Login Setup

    • X Resources

    • Advanced Front Panel Customization

  • Creating New Actions

    • Creating Controls

    • Modifying Controls

  • Creating and Modifying Subpanels

    • Creating Subpanels

    • Modifying Subpanels

    • Subpanel Behavior

  • Restoring a Session When Something Goes Wrong

  • Executing Applications and Commands at Login

  • Executing Commands at Logout

• The Help Viewer

  • Using the Help Viewer

  • Context-Sensitive Help

  • Adding Help to Icons

  • Help Topics

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• SMTP

  • The Domain Name System and E-mail

  • Mail Delivery and MX Records

  • Header and Envelope Addresses

  • sendmail's Jobs

  • sendmail as a Mail Router

  • sendmail as an MTA—Client (Sender) and Server (Receiver) SMTP

  • sendmail as a Final Delivery Agent (NOT!)

  • sendmail's Auxiliary Files

  • The Aliases File

  • Mail to Programs

  • Mail to Files

  • Setting Up sendmail

  • Obtaining the Source

  • Unpacking the Source and Compiling sendmail

  • sendmail.cf—The Configuration File

  • General Form of the Configuration File

  • A Functional Description of the Configuration File

  • The D Operator—Macros

  • The C and F Operators—Classes

  • The H Operator—Header Definitions

  • The O Operator—Setting Options

  • The P Operator—Mail Precedence

  • The V Operator—sendmail.cf Version Levels

  • The M Operator—Mailer Definitions

  • The S and R Operators—Rulesets and Rewriting Rules

  • sendmail's Built-in Ruleset Processing Rules

  • Processing Rules Within Rulesets

  • Parsing—Turning Addresses into Tokens

  • The Left-Hand Side (lhs) of Rules

  • The Right-Hand Side (rhs) of Rules

  • $: and $@—Altering a Ruleset's Evaluation

  • $>—Calling Another Ruleset

  • Testing Rules and Rulesets—The -bt, -d, and-C Options

• POP

  • Configuring a POP Server

  • Configuring in.qpopper

  • Using popauth

  • Managing Bulletins

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Getting and Installing the FTP Server

• How the FTP Server Works

• Configuring Your FTP Server

  • Controlling User Access

    • class

    • The line

    • autogroup

    • deny

    • guestgroup

    • limit

    • loginfails

    • private

    • banner

    • email

    • message

    • readme

  • Controlling Logging

    • log commands

    • log transfers

  • Miscellaneous Server Commands

    • alias

    • cdpath

    • compress

    • tar

    • shutdown

  • Controlling Permissions

    • chmod

    • delete

    • overwrite

    • rename

    • umask

    • passwd-check

    • path-filter

    • upload

  • The Strip Prefix

  • The Strip Postfix

  • The Add-on Prefix

  • The Add-on Postfix

  • The External Command

  • The Type of File

  • Options

  • The Description

  • Example of an /etc/ftpconversions Entry

  • Configuring Host Access—The /etc/ftphosts File

  • The FTP Log File—/var/log/xferlog

• FTP Administrative Tools

  • ftpshut

  • ftpwho

  • ftpcount

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Server Installation

• Runtime Server Configuration Settings

  • Editing httpd.conf

  • Editing srm.conf

  • Editing access.conf

• Configuring an inetd Server

  • Configuring inetd

• Running the Web Server for the First Time

  • Starting a Standalone Server

  • Starting an inetd Server

• Starting and Stopping the Server

  • The start Script

  • The stop Script

  • The restart Script

• Configuration File Listings

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Setting Up Your XFree86 System

• The XF86Config File

• Using Xconfigurator

• Examining the XF86Config File

  • The File Pathnames

  • The Keyboard Section

  • The Pointer Section

  • The Server Section

  • Setting Up Video Modes

  • International Keyboard Layout for XFree86

• The .xinitrc File

• The Personal X Resource File

• Using xdm

• Configuration of the Window Manager

• Compiling Programs That Use X

• Some Common Problems

• Compiling Sources for XFree86

• Summary

Part III - Hardware Connectivity and Devices

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Block Devices

• Filesystems

• The mount Command

• Setting Up Filesystems

  • The Red Hat File System Manager

  • Editing /etc/fstab Manually

• Creating New Filesystems

• Repairing Filesystems

• Hardware

  • Hard Disks

  • The Partition Table

    • Disk Geometry

• CD-ROM Drives

  • Loopback Devices

  • Mounting Filesystems on Files

  • Using Encrypted Filesystems

  • Other Block Devices

  • Zip Drives

• Character Devices

  • Tape Drives

  • Terminals

  • The Terminal Device Driver

  • Serial Communications

  • Configuring the Serial Ports

  • Using Modems

  • Generic SCSI Devices

• CD-ROM Recorders

  • Testing CD Images

  • Other Character Devices

  • The Controlling Terminal Device—/dev/tty

  • Nonserial Mice

  • Audio Devices

    • Random Number Devices

  • /dev/null and Friends

  • Memory Devices

  • Virtual Console Screen Devices

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Printer Devices

• How Do I Print?

• The RHS Linux Print System Manager

  • Remote and LAN Printers

  • Local Printers

• Linux Printing Commands

• Simple Formatting

• Other Helpful Printer Programs and Filters

  • APSfilter

  • BubbleTools

  • magicfilter

  • PostScript Printers

  • Enhanced Printer Spooler

  • System Accounting

• Some Program Tips

  • emacs

  • Applixware for Linux

• Other Helpful Programs

  • xv

  • pbm Utilities

  • Ghostview

• For More Information

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• An Introduction to Networking

  • What Is an IP Number?

    • Computing Netmasks

  • Determining the Broadcast Address

  • The Next Generation of IP, IPv6

  • Getting a New IP Address

• The Network Card Solution

  • Stock Network Configuration

  • Using ifconfig

  • Optional Parameters to ifconfig

  • Using route

  • Examples of Using route

  • Understanding the route Table

• The Domain Name Service

  • Before DNS—The /etc/hosts File

  • Configuring the DNS Client: /etc/resolv.conf

  • Configuring DNS Servers

  • Primary Nameserver Configuration Files

    • SOA—Start of Authority

  • NS—Nameserver

  • A—Address Record

    • PTR—Pointer Record

    • MX—Mail Exchanger

    • CNAME—Canonical Name

    • RP and TXT—The Documentation Entries

  • Configuring a Caching DNS Server

  • Configuring a Primary and Secondary DNS Server

• The Network Information Service

  • A Brief History

  • Understanding NIS

  • NIS Domains

  • The Different Servers

  • Configuring a Master NIS Server

  • Configuring an NIS client

  • Using Netgroups

• The Network File System

  • Configuring NFS

  • Setting Up the /etc/exports File

  • Using mount to Mount an Exported Filesystem

  • Configuring the /etc/fstab File to Mount Filesystems Automatically

• Connecting to the Net with PPP

• Summary

Part IV - System Administration and Management

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Organization

  • /bin and /sbin

    • /etc

    • /home

    • /mnt

  • /tmp and /var

    • /usr

• RPM

  • Major Modes and Common Options

  • Installing Packages

  • Upgrading Packages

  • Uninstalling Packages

  • Querying Packages

  • Verifying Packages

  • Introduction to glint

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Handling the All-Powerful Root Account

• Maintaining the System—Implementing Changes

  • Planning Processes

  • Creating a Back-Out Plan

  • Making Changes in Small Increments

  • Developing a Test Plan

  • Communicating Effectively and in a Timely Manner

    • write

    • wall

    • talk

    • mesg

    • motd

  • Electronic Mail

  • Pre-Login Message

• Getting Help

  • Man Pages

  • E-mail

  • Red Hat Mailing Lists and Newsgroups

  • Other Newsgroups

• Problem Solving—Logs

  • login.access

  • Other Files That Deny or Allow Users or Hosts

  • syslog

• Wine—Accessing Windows Applications Under Linux

  • New Releases of Wine

  • Where to Get Copies of Wine

  • Installation and Problems Running Windows Applications

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Basic Performance Analysis

  • Determining CPU Usage

    • top

• Momma Always Said to Be Nice!

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• File Utilities

  • File Operations

  • Changing File Attributes

  • Disk Usage

• Find Utilities

  • locate

  • find

  • xargs

• Shell Utilities

  • Who's Who in GNU

  • The id Commands

  • Checking What System You're Running

  • Environment Variables and Shell Functions

• Text Utilities

  • The head and tail Commands

  • The split Command

  • Counting Words

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Qualities of a Good Backup

• Selecting a Backup Medium

• Selecting a Backup Tool

• Backup Strategy

  • Performing Backups with tar and cpio

• What Is on the Tape?

• Summary

Part V - Dealing with Others

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Adding Users

  • Editing etc/passwd

    • The Username

  • Passwords

  • The User ID

  • Comments

  • The Home Directory

  • The Login Command

  • Editing /etc/group

  • Creating a Home Directory and Copying Files to the New Home

  • Changing Ownerships and Permissions

  • Setting the Password

• Changing User Properties

• Temporarily Disabling a User

• The Login and How to Become a Specific User

• Searching

  • who

  • finger

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Thinking About Security—An Audit

  • A Plan

  • Tools

  • Knowledge Gathering

• Danger, Will Robins, Danger!

  • Preparing for the Worst

    • suid and sgid

  • How to Find suid and sgid Files

  • Setting suid and sgid

• File and Directory Permissions

  • Files

  • How suid and sgid Fit into This Picture

• Passwords—A Second Look

• Related WWW Sites

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Creating and Executing a Shell Program

• Variables

  • Assigning a Value to a Variable

  • Accessing Variable Values

• Positional Parameters

• Built-in Variables

• Special Characters

  • Double Quotes

  • Single Quote

  • Backslash

  • Backtick

• Comparison of Expressions

  • pdksh and bash

  • String Comparison

    • Number Comparison

    • File Operators

    • Logical Operators

    • tcsh

    • String Comparison

  • Number Comparison

  • File Operators

  • Logical Operators

• Iteration Statements

  • The for Statement

  • The while Statement

  • The until Statement

  • The repeat Statement (tcsh)

  • The select Statement (pdksh)

  • The shift Statement

• Conditional Statements

  • The if Statement

  • The case Statement

• Miscellaneous Statements

  • The break Statement

  • The exit Statement

• Functions

• Summary

Part VI - Automation, Programming, and Modifying Source Code

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• First Example—Automating Data Entry

  • Problem and Solution

  • Analysis of the Implementation

• Tips for Improving Automation Technique

  • Continuing Education

  • Good Engineering

• Shell Scripts

  • chstr

  • WWW Retrieval

  • FTP Retrieval

  • HTTP Retrieval

  • Conclusions on Shell Programming

• cron and at Jobs

  • cron and find—Exploring Disk Usage

    • Cores

    • User Space

  • at: Scheduling Future Events

• Other Mechanisms: Expect, Perl, and More

  • Comparing Technologies

  • Expect

  • Perl

  • Other Tools

    • Python

    • Emacs

    • procmail

    • calendar

  • Internal Scripts

• Concluding Challenge for an Automater—Explaining Value

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Introduction to C

  • Programming in C: Basic Concepts

  • Functions in C Programs

  • Creating, Compiling, and Executing Your First Program

  • Elementary C Syntax

  • Expressions

  • Comarison Expressions

  • Mathematical Expressions

  • Statement Controls

  • Functions

  • Writing the Code

  • Compiling the Program

  • Executing the Program

  • Making Libraries with ar

  • Debugging Tools

• Introduction to C++

  • Programming in C++: Basic Concepts

  • File Naming

  • Differences Between C and C++

  • Scope of Reference in C and C++

  • Overloading Functions and Operators in C++

  • Functions Within C++ Data Structures

  • Classes in C++

  • Declaring a Class in C++

  • Inheritance and Polymorphism

• GNU C/C++ Compiler Command-Line Switches

• Additional Resources

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• A Simple Perl Program

• Perl Variables and Data Structures

• Looping

  • for

  • foreach

  • while

  • until

• Regular Expressions

• Access to the Shell

• Command-Line Mode

• Automation Using Perl

  • Moving Files

  • Purging Logs

  • Posting to Usenet

• For More Information

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• tcl Basics

  • Interactive Use of tcl

  • Noninteractive Use of tcl

• The tcl Language

  • Command Structure

  • Comments

  • Datatypes

  • Variables

  • Manipulating String Values

  • Manipulating Numeric Values

  • Quoting and Substitution

  • Flow Control—if and switch

  • Loops

  • File I/O and File Info

  • Procedures

• The tk Toolkit

  • Introduction to Widgets

  • Creating Widgets

  • Widget Options

• A tcl/tk Widget Programming Example

• A tcl/tk Interface to xsetroot

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• What Is Motif?

  • Where Do I Get Motif?

  • What Version of Motif Should I Use?

• Red Hat Motif Installation

  • motif-devel-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm

  • motif-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm

  • motif-mwm-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm

  • motif-demosrc-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm

  • motif-demos-2.0.1-1.i386.rpm

• A Simple Example of Motif Programming Concepts

  • Widgets and Event-Driven Programming

  • The Simple Motif Program

  • How the Program Works

  • Sample Program Resources

• Shared and Static Libraries

• The UIL Compiler

• Tutorials and Examples

• Using imake and xmkmf

• LessTif—An Alternative Motif Clone

• For More Information

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Applications

• Features

• awk Fundamentals

  • Using awk from the Command Line

  • Patterns and Actions

    • Regular Expression Patterns

    • Comparison Operators and Patterns

    • Compound Pattern Operators

    • Range Pattern Operators

  • Handling Input

  • Coding Your Program

• Actions

  • Variables

    • Predefined Variables

    • String Constants

    • String Operators

    • Built-in String Functions

    • Special String Constants

  • Arrays

    • Array Functions

    • Multidimension Arrays

  • Built-in Numeric Functions

  • Arithmetic Operators

    • The Null Statement

    • The Conditional Operator

  • Looping

    • Loop Control

    • The for Statement

    • The while Statement

• Advanced Input and Output

  • Input

    • next and exit

    • getline

  • Output

    • printf

    • Output to a File

    • Output to a Command

    • Closing an Output File or Pipe

• Functions

  • Function Definition

  • Function Parameters

  • The return Statement (Explicit Return)

• Writing Reports

  • Complex Reports

  • Extracting Data

• Commands On-the-Fly

• One Last Built-in Function: system

• Summary

• IN THIS CHAPTER

• Networking Concepts

  • Building Network Addresses

  • Sockets

  • Protocols and Socket Types

  • Making a Connection

• A TCP Client Example

• A UDP Example

• Blocking Versus Nonblocking Descriptors

• I/O Multiplexing with UDP

• I/O Multiplexing with TCP

• Advanced Topics

• Summary

Part VII - Appendixes

• Copyright © 1998 by Sams Publishing

• Trademarks

• Tell Us What You Think!

• David Pitts, Lead Author

• David B. Horvath

• IN THIS APPENDIX

• Overview

• Getting Involved

• Current Projects

• Glossary and Global Index

• Documentation Conventions

• IN THIS APPENDIX

• General Guidelines

• The List

  • .

  • &

  • adduser

  • alias

  • apropos <parameter>

  • banner

  • bg

  • bind

  • cat

  • cd

  • chmod

  • chown

  • chroot

  • cp

  • dd

  • env

  • fc

  • fg

  • file

  • find

  • grep

  • groff

  • gzip

  • halt

  • hostname

  • kill

  • less

  • login

  • logout

  • lpc

  • lpd

  • lpq

  • lpr

  • ls

  • make

  • man

  • mesg

  • mkdir

  • mkefs

  • mkfs

  • mkswap

  • more

  • mount

  • mv

  • netstat

  • passwd

  • ps

  • pwd

  • rm

  • rmdir

  • set

  • shutdown

  • su

  • swapoff

  • swapon

  • tail

  • talk

  • tar

  • umount

  • unalias

  • unzip

  • wall

  • who

  • xhost +

  • xmkmf

  • xset

  • zip

• Summary

• Copyright License

• Publishing LDP Manuals

• IN THIS APPENDIX

• About the Software

• Part I Introduction and Installation of Linux

• Part II Configuring Other Servers

• Part III Hardware Connectivity and Devices

• Part IV System Administration and Management

• Part V Dealing with Others

• Part VI Automation, Programming, and Modifying Source Code

• Part VII Appendixes

  - Conventions Used in This Book - Contents

  • Part I Introduction and Installation of Linux

  • Part II Configuring Other Servers