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MULE is a MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs 18. It can handle many character sets at once, including Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Greek, the ISO Latin-1 through Latin-5 character sets, Ukrainian, Russian, and other Cyrillic alphabets. A text buffer in MULE can contain a mixture of characters from these languages. To input any of these characters, you can use various input methods provided by MULE itself.
NetFax is a freely available fax-spooling system that provides Group 3 fax transmission and reception services for a networked Linux system. It requires a fax modem that accepts Class 2 fax commands.
NetHack is a display-oriented adventure game that supports both ASCII and X displays.
The NIH Class Library is a portable collection of C++ classes, similar to those in Smalltalk-80, that has been developed by Keith Gorlen of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) using the C++ programming language.
nvi is a free implementation of the vi text editor. It has enhancements over vi including split screens with multiple buffers, the capability to handle eight-bit data, infinite file and line lengths, tag stacks, infinite undo, and extended regular expressions.
Octave is a high-level language that is primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a convenient command-line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically.
Octave does arithmetic for real and complex scalars and matrices, solves sets of nonlinear algebraic equations, integrates functions over finite and infinite intervals, and integrates systems of ordinary differential and differential-algebraic equations.Oleo is a spreadsheet program that supports X displays and character-based terminals. It can output encapsulated PostScript renditions of spreadsheets and uses Emacs-like configurable keybindings. Under X and in PostScript output, Oleo supports variable-width fonts.
p2c traslates from Pascal code to C. It recognizes many Pascal variants including Turbo, HP, VAX, and ISO, and produces entirely usable C source code. If you are using an older machine with some legacy applications, p2c can be a very handy application because it saves you from having to recode all your old Pascal applications from scratch.
patch is a program that takes the output from diff and applies the resulting differences to the original file in order to generate the modified version. It would be useful for developing a source code control system, if one were so inclined.
PCL is a free implementation of a large subset of CLOS, the Common Lisp Object System. It runs under CLISP, mentioned earlier.
perl is a programming language developed by Larry Wall that combines the features and capabilities of sed, awk, shell programming, and C, as well as interfaces to system calls and many C library routines. It has become wildly popular for sophisticated applications that are not dependent on complex data structures. A “perl” mode for editing perl code comes with GNU Emacs 19.
GNU ptx is the GNU version of the traditional permuted index generator. It can handle multiple input files at once, produce TeX-compatible output, and produce readable KWIC (KeyWords In Context) indexes without needing to use the nroff program.
rc is a shell that features C-like syntax (even more so than csh) and better quoting rules than the C and Bourne shells. It can be used interactively or in scripts.
The Revision Control System (RCS) is used for version control and management of software projects. When used with GNU diff, RCS can handle binary files such as executables and object files. For more information on RCS, please see Chapter 56.
GNU recode converts files between character sets and usages. When exact transformations are not possible, it may get rid of any offending characters or revert to approximations. This program recognizes or produces nearly 150 different character sets and is able to transform files between almost any pair.
regex is the GNU regular expression library whose routines have been used within many GNU programs. Now it is finally available by itself. A faster version of this library comes with the sed editor.
Scheme is a language that is related to LISP. The chief difference is that Scheme can pass functions as arguments to another function, it can return a function as the result of a function call, and functions can be the value of an expression without being defined under a particular name.
screen is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate “screens” (ttys) on a single physical character-based terminal. Each virtual terminal emulates a DEC VT100 plus additional functions. screen sessions can be idled and resumed later on a different terminal type.
sed is a noninteractive, stream-oriented version of ed. It is used frequently in shell scripts and is extremely useful for applying repetitive edits to a collection of files or to create conversion programs. GNU sed comes with the rx library, which is a faster version of regex.
Shellutils can be used interactively or in shell scripts and includes the following programs: basename, date, dirname, echo, env, expr, false, groups, id, nice, nohup, printenv, printf, sleep, stty, su, tee, test, true, tty, uname, who, whoami, and yes.
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