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String Capabilities
| RF | Request for input from terminal |
| RI | Cursor right %1 characters |
| rp | Repeat character %1 for %2 times |
| rP | Padding after character sent in replace mode |
| rs | Reset string |
| RX | Turn off XON/XOFF flow control |
| sa | Set %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6%7 %8 %9 attributes |
| SA | Enable automatic margins |
| sc | Save cursor position |
| se | End standout mode |
| sf | Normal scroll one line |
| SF | Normal scroll %1 lines |
| so | Start standout mode |
| sr | Reverse scroll |
| SR | Scroll back %1 lines |
| st | Set tabulator stop in all rows at current column |
| SX | Turn on XON/XOFF flow control |
| ta | Move to next hardware tab |
| tc | Read in terminal description from another entry |
| te | End program that uses cursor motion |
| ti | Begin program that uses cursor motion |
| ts | Move cursor to column %1 of status line |
| uc | Underline character under cursor and move cursor right |
| ue | End underlining |
| up | Cursor up one line |
| UP | Cursor up %1 lines |
| us | Start underlining |
| vb | Visible bell |
| ve | Normal cursor visible |
| vi | Cursor invisible |
| vs | Standout cursor |
| wi | Set window from line %1 to %2 and column %3 to %4 |
| XF | XOFF character if not ^S |
There are several ways of defining the control codes for string capabilities:
Normal characters except ^, \, and % represent themselves.
A ^x means Ctrl+x. Ctrl+A equals 1 decimal. \x means a special code. x can be one of the following characters:
| E | Escape (27). |
| n | Linefeed (10). |
| r | Carriage return (13). |
| t | Tabulation (9). |
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| b | Backspace (8). |
| f | Form feed (12). |
| 0 | Null character. A \xxx specifies the octal character xxx. |
| i | Increments parameters by one. |
| r | Single parameter capability. |
| + | Add value of next character to this parameter and do binary output. |
| 2 | Do ASCII output of this parameter with a field width of 2. |
| d | Do ASCII output of this parameter with a field width of 3. |
| % | Print a % |
If you use binary output, then you should avoid the null character because it terminates the string. You should reset tabulator expansion if a tabulator can be the binary output of a parameter.
Warning: The preceding metacharacters for parameters may be wrong; they document Minix termcap, which may not be compatible with Linux termcap.
The block graphic characters can be specified by three string capabilities:
| as | Start the alternative charset. |
| ae | End it. |
| ac | Pairs of characters. The first character is the name of the block graphic symbol and the second character is its definition. |
The following names are available:
| + | Right arrow (>) |
| , | Left arrow (<) |
| . | Down arrow (v) |
| 0 | Full square (#) |
| I | Latern (#) |
| - | Upper arrow (^) |
| ` | Rhombus (+) |
| a | Chess board (:) |
| f | Degree (`) |
| g | Plus-minus (#) |
| h | Square (#) |
| j | Right bottom corner (+) |
| k | Right upper corner (+) |
| l | Left upper corner (+) |
| m | Left bottom corner (+) |
| n | Cross (+) |
| o | Upper horizontal line (-) |
| q | Middle horizontal line (-) |
| s | Bottom horizontal line (_) |
| t | Left tee (+) |
| u | Right tee (+) |
| v | Bottom tee (+) |
| w | Normal tee (+) |
| x | Vertical line (_) |
| ~ | Paragraph (???) |
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The values in parentheses are suggested defaults that are used by curses if the capabilities are missing.
SEE ALSO
termcap(3), curses(3), terminfo(5)
Linux
ttytype—Terminal name and device list.
DESCRIPTION
The /etc/ttytype file associates termcap/terminfo terminal type names with tty lines. Each line consists of a terminal type, followed by whitespace, followed by a tty name (a device name without the /dev/ prefix).
This association is used by the program tset(1) to set the environment variable TERM to the default terminal name for the user's current tty.
This facility was designed for a traditional time-sharing environment featuring character-cell terminals hardwired to a UNIX minicomputer. It is little used on modern workstation and personal UNIXes.
EXAMPLE
A typical /etc/ttytype is
con80x25 tty1 vt320 ttys0
FILES
| /etc/ttytype | The tty definitions file |
SEE ALSO
getty(1), terminfo(5), termcap(5)
Linux, 24 July 1993
tzfile—Time zone information.
SYNOPSIS
#include <tzfile.h>
DESCRIPTION
The time zone information files used by tzset(3) begin with bytes reserved for future use, followed by six four-byte values of type long, written in a "standard" byte order (the high-order byte of the value is written first). These values are, in order
| tzh_ttisgmtcnt | The number of GMT/local indicators stored in the file. |
| tzh_ttisstdcnt | The number of standard/wall indicators stored in the file. |
| tzh_leapcnt | The number of leap seconds for which data is stored in the file. |
| tzh_timecnt | The number of "transition times" for which data is stored in the file. |
| tzh_typecnt | The number of "local time types" for which data is stored in the file (must not be zero). |
| tzh_charcnt | The number of characters of "time zone abbreviation strings" stored in the file. |
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The preceding header is followed by tzh_timecnt four-byte values of type long, sorted in ascending order. These values are written in "standard" byte order. Each is used as a transition time (as returned by time(2)) at which the rules for computing local time change. Next come tzh_timecnt one-byte values of type unsigned char; each one tells which of the different types of "local time" types described in the file is associated with the same-indexed transition time. These values serve as indices into an array of ttinfo structures that appears next in the file; these structures are defined as follows:
struct ttinfo {
long tt_gmtoff;
int tt_isdst;
unsigned int tt_abbrind;
};
Each structure is written as a four-byte value for tt_gmtoff of type long, in a standard byte order, followed by a one-byte value for tt_isdst and a one-byte value for tt_abbrind. In each structure, tt_gmtoff gives the number of seconds to be added to GMT, tt_isdst tells whether tm_isdst should be set by localtime(3) and tt_abbrind serves as an index into the array of time zone abbreviation characters that follow the ttinfo structures in the file.
Then there are tzh_leapcnt pairs of four-byte values, written in standard byte order; the first value of each pair gives the time (as returned by time(2)) at which a leap second occurs; the second gives the total number of leap seconds to be applied after the given time. The pairs of values are sorted in ascending order by time.
Then there are tzh_ttisstdcnt standard/wall indicators, each stored as a one-byte value; they tell whether the transition times associated with local time types were specified as standard time or wall clock time and are used when a time zone file is used in handling POSIX-style time zone environment variables.
Finally, there are tzh_ttisgmtcnt GMT/local indicators, each stored as a one-byte value; they tell whether the transition times associated with local time types were specified as GMT or local time and are used when a time zone file is used in handling POSIX-style time zone environment variables.
Localtime uses the first standard-time ttinfo structure in the file (or simply the first ttinfo structure in the absence of a standard-time structure) if either tzh_timecnt is zero or the time argument is less than the first transition time recorded in the file.
SEE ALSO
newctime(3)
utmp, wtmp—Login records.
SYNOPSIS
#include <utmp.h>
DESCRIPTION
The utmp file allows you to discover information about who is currently using the system. There may be more users currently using the system because not all programs use utmp logging.
Warning: utmp must not be writable because many system programs depend on its integrity. You risk faked system log files and modifications of system files if you leave utmp writable to any user.
The file is a sequence of entries with the following structure declared in the include file:
#define UT_UNKNOWN 0 #define RUN_LVL 1 #define BOOT_TIME 2 #define NEW_TIME 3 #define OLD_TIME 4