Page 271
DESCRIPTION
Innconfval prints the values of the parameters specified on the command line. Values are retrieved from the inn.conf(5) file and are described there.
Values are retrieved by using the GetConfigValue routine, or GetFileConfigValue if the _f flag is used. Both are described in libinn(3).
HISTORY
Written by Rich $alz (rsalz@uunet.uu.net) for InterNetNews.
SEE ALSO
libinn(3), inn.conf(5)
insmod—Install loadable modules (aout and ELF format)
SYNOPSIS
insmod [ _fkmsxv ] [ _o internal_name ] object_file [ symbol=value ... ]
DESCRIPTION
insmod installs a loadable module in the kernel.
insmod tries to load a module into the kernel, and resolves all symbols from the exported kernel symbols, with version information, if available. The module will get its name by removing the .o extension from the basename of the object file. If the .o extension is omitted, insmod will attempt to locate the module in some common default directories. If the ENVIRONMENT contains the variable MODPATH, where all directories are separated with :, insmod will look in these directories for the module, in the specified order.
It is possible to load unversioned modules in a versioned kernel, and all combinations of these.
It is also possible to load ELF modules into an a.out kernel, and all combinations of these.
It is possible to stack modules, that is, let one module use a previously loaded module. All modules that are referenced are updated with this reference. This ensures that a module can't be unloaded if there is another module that refers to it.
It is possible to change integer values in the module when loading it. This makes it possible to tune the module.
The OPTIONS are as follows:
| _f | The _f option tries to load the module even if the kernel or symbol versions differs from the version expected by the module. A warning will be issued if the module is locked to a specific kernel version that differs from the current version. |
| _k | This option should really only be used by modprobe, to indicate that the module insertion was requested by kerneld. All modules inserted using this option will be subject to autoremoval by the kerneld utility if they have been unused for more that a minute. (The usage count is zero and no modules depend on this module.) If the kernel is not kerneld-aware, the module will be rejected by the kernel. Just load it without the -k option, and all should be well. |
| _m | The _m option will make insmod output a load map, that will make it easier to debug your modules after a kernel panic, thanks to Derek Atkins (warlord@MIT.EDU). |
| _o | The _o option allows the module to be named to an explicit name instead of having a name derived from the name of the object file. Note that this option can also be placed after the module name, so that the syntax of insmod looks more similar to ld. |
Page 272
| symbol=value[,value] ... | The values of all integer or character pointer symbols in the module can be changed at load-time by naming a symbol and giving the new value(s). If the symbol is defined as an array of integers or character pointers, the elements in the array can be initialized by giving the values separated by commas. Specific array entries can be skipped by omitting the value, as in symbol=value1,,value2. Each integer value can be given as a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal value: 17, 021, or 0x11. If the first character in the given value is nonnumeric, the value is interpreted as a string. The symbol is assumed to be a character pointer, which will be initialized to point to the string. Extra space in the module will be allocated for the string itself. Note the syntax: no spaces are allowed around the = or , signs! |
| _s | With this option, insmod will produce debugging information and error messages using the syslog facility. (Also used by kerneld, if you have installed it.) |
| _v | If you want verbose information from the loading, select this option. |
| _x | The no-export flag, which will inhibit the default insmod behavior—inserting all the module's external symbols into the kernel symbol table. Note that the kernel will still update the references that the module makes to previously loaded modules. |
SEE ALSO
rmmod(1), modprobe(1), depmod(1), lsmod(1), ksyms(1), modules(2), genksyms(8)
HISTORY
The module support was first conceived by Anonymous (as far as I know). Linux version by Bas Laarhoven (bas@vimec.nl). 0.99.14 version by Jon Tombs (jon@gtex02.us.es). Extended by Bjorn Ekwall (bj0rn@blox.se). ELF help from Eric Youngdale (eric@aib.com).
BUGS
insmod relies on the "fact" that symbols, for which one wants to change the value, are defined as integers or character pointers, and that sizeof(int) == sizeof(char *).
Linux, 14 May 1995
install—Copy FILES and set their attributes; GNU file installer
SYNOPSIS
install [OPTIONS] [_s] [--strip] source dest install [OPTIONS] [_s] [--strip] source... directory install [OPTIONS] [_d,--directory] directory...
OPTIONS:
[_c] [_g group] [_m mode] [_o owner] [--group=group] [--mode=mode] [--owner=owner] [--help] [--version]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of install. install copies FILES and sets their permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group. Used similarly to cp; typically used in MakeFILES to copy programs into their destination directories. It can also be used to create the destination directories and any leading directories, and to set the final directory's modes. It refuses to copy FILES onto themselves.