Appendix A


CONTENTS

Perl Tables

This appendix collects the various tables used throughout the book, plus a few extra, to make referencing their data faster. For even faster access, just tear these pages out (carefully) and paste them on the wall near your computer.

Double-Quoted String Backslash Escapes

Backslash Characters
Operation
\n
Newline
\r
Return
\t
Tab
\f
Formfeed
\b
Backspace
\v
Vertical tab
\a
Bell
\e
Escape
\007
Any octal ASCII value, such as 007 = bell
\x7f
Any hex ASCII value, such as 7f = delete
\cC
Any "control" character, such as control C
\\
Backslash
\"
Double quote
\l
Lowercase next letter
\L
Lowercase all following letters until \E
\u
Uppercase next letter
\U
Uppercase all following letters until \E
\E
Terminate \L or \U

Numeric Operators

Operator
Action Example
+
Addition 1+2, or 3
-
Subtraction 1-2, or -1
*
Multiplication 2*2, or 4
/
Division 2/2, or 1
**
Exponentiation 2**3, or 8
%
Modulus 2.3%3.2, or 0
<
Less than 2<3
<=
Less than or equal to 2<=3
==
Equal to 2==4/2
>=
Greater than or equal to 3>=2
>
Greater than 5>1
!=
Not equal to 5!=1

String Operators

Operator
Action Example
.
Concatenate "bi,". "g," or "big"
eq
Equal "small" eq "small"
ne
Not equal "small" ne "tiny"
lt
Less than "30" lt "7"
gt
Greater than "50" gt "300"
le
Less than or equal to "ten" le "ten"
ge
Greater than or equal to "eleven" ge "eleven"
x
String repetition "more" x 2, or "moremore"

Numeric and String Comparison Operators

Comparison
Numeric
String
Equal
==
eq
Not equal
!=
ne
Less than
<
lt
Greater than
>
gt
Less than or equal to
<=
le
Greater than or equal to
>=
ge

Windows NT Perl Files

Windows NT Perl includes the following:

Installation Scripts and Instructions

Location-perl\5.001\
install.bat
install.txt
license.txt
manifest.old
manifest.txt
mkolex.bat
pl2bat.bat
readme.txt
release.txt
status.txt

HTML Documentation Files

Location-perl\5.001\docs\
ntext.htm
ntmore.htm
ntole.htm
ntperl5.htm
perl5.htm
perlapi.htm
perlbook.htm
perlbot.htm
perlcall.htm
perldata.htm
perldebu.htm
perldiag.htm
perlembd.htm
perlform.htm
perlfunc.htm
perlguts.htm
perlipc.htm
perlmod.htm
perlopj.htm
perlob,htm
perlovl.htm
perlre.htm
perlref.htm
perlrun.htm
perlsec.hm
perlstly.htm
perlsub.htm
perlsyn.htm
perltrap.htm
perlver.htm
status.htm

HTML Documents for OLE Automation Extensions

Location-perl\5.001\docs\ole\
excel_application_5.htm
excel_application_5.txt
word_basic.htm
word_basic.txt

The Standard Perl Library for Windows NT

Location-perl\5.001\lib\
abbrev.pl
assert.pl
bigfloat.pl
bigint.pl
bigrat.pl
cacheout.pl
carp.pm
config.pm
ctime.pl
cwd.pm
dumpvar.pl
dynaloader.pm
english.pm
env.pm
exceptions.pl
exporter.pm
extutils
fastcwd.pl
file
filehandle.pm
find.pl
finddepth.pl
flush.pl
ftp.pl
getcwd.pl
getopt
getopt.pl
getopts.pl
hostname.pl
importenv.pl
integer.pm
less.pm
look.pl
math
newgetopt.pl
nt.ph
ole
perl5db.pl
pwd.pl
search
shell.pm
shellwords.pl
sigtrap.pm
strict.pm
subs.pm
substrash.pm
test
text
tiehash.pm
time
timelocal.pl
validate.pl

In extutils\

miniperl.pm
typemap
subpp

In file\

basename.pm
checktree.pm
find.pm
path.pm

In getopt\

long.pm
std.pm

In math\

bigfloat.pm
bigint.pm
complex.pm

In ole\ (OLE Automation Extensions)

excel_application_5.pm
mkolex.log
word_basic.pm
local.pm

In search\

dict.pm

In test\

harness.pm
abbrev.pm
parsewords.pm
soundex.pm
tabs.pm

Source Code (Not Included in Binary Releases)

Location-perl\5.001\src\
av.c
av.h
config.h
configur
cop.h
cv.h
deb.c
doio.c
doop.c
dosish.h
dump.c
embed.h
extern.h
form.h
globals.c
gv.c
gv.h
handy.h
hv.c
hv.h
inc
intern.h
keywords.h
main.c
makefile
mg.c
mg.h
nt.c
nt.h
ntlib.c
ntole.cpp
ntt
ntxs.c
op.c
op.h
opcode.h
patchlvl.h
perl.c
perl.h
perl.mak
perlglob.c
perly.c
perl.h
pp.c
pp.h
pp_ctl.c
pp_hot.c
pp_sys.c
proto.h
regcomp.c
regcomp.h
reg.exec.c
regexp.h
run.c
scope.c
scope.h
sv.c
sv.h
taint.c
toke.c
unixish.h
util.h
xsub.h

In - \inc

direct.h
netdb.h

In-\inc\sys

socket.h

Test Scripts

Location-perl\5.001\src\ntt\
test.bat

In-\base

cond.ntt
if.ntt
lex.ntt
pat.ntt
term.ntt

In-\cmd

elsif.ntt
for.ntt
mod.ntt
subval.ntt
switch.ntt
while.ntt

In-\comp

cmdopt.ntt
decl.ntt
multiline.ntt
package.ntt
script.ntt
term.ntt

In-\io

argv.ntt
dup.ntt
inplace.ntt
print.ntt
tell.ntt

In-\lib

bigint.ntt
english.ntt
soundex.ntt

In-\nt

event.log
reg.ntt
unsupported.ntt

In-\op

append.ntt
array.ntt
auto.ntt
chop.ntt
cond.ntt
delete.ntt
do.ntt
each.ntt
eval.ntt
exec.ntt
exp.ntt
flip.ntt
glob.ntt
goto.ntt
groups.ntt
index.ntt
int.ntt
join.ntt
list.ntt
local.ntt
magic.ntt
mkdir.ntt
my.ntt
oct.ntt
ord.ntt
pack.ntt
pat.ntt
push.ntt
quotemeta.ntt
rand.ntt
range.ntt
read.ntt
readdir.ntt
ref.ntt
regexp.ntt
repeat.ntt
re_tests
sleep.ntt
sort.ntt
split.ntt
sprintf.ntt
study.ntt
substr.ntt
time.ntt
undef.ntt
unshift.ntt
vec.ntt
write.ntt

Unsupported Routines

Windows NT Perl does not include the following:

Unsupported Network Routines

getnetbyname()
getnetbyaddr()
getenetent()
getprotoent()
getservent()
sethostent()
setnetent()
setprotoent()
setservent()
endhostent()
endnetent()
endprotoent()
endservent()
socketpair()

Unsupported System V Compatible IPC Routines

msgetl()
msgget()
msgrev()
msgsnd()
semctl()
semget()
shmctl()
shmget()
shmread()
shmwrite()

Unsupported I/O Routines

ioctl()
select($w,$x,$y,$z) (Note that the "single" argument version of select has been implemented.)

Unsupported Filesystem Routines

chmod()
chroot()
fcntl()
flock()
link()
lstat()
readlink()
symlink()
sysread()
syswrite()
umask()
utime()

Unsupported Security-Related Routines

crypt()
getlogin()
getpgrp()
getppid()
getpriority()
getpwnam()
getgrnam()
getpwuid()
getgrgid()
getpwent()
getgrent()
setpwent()
setgrent()
endpwent()
endgrent()
setpgrp()

Unsupported Process-Related Routines

fork()
kill()
pipe()
setpriority()
times()
wait()
waitpid()

Unsupported Miscellanous Routines

alarm()
dbmclose()
dbmopen()
dump()
syscall()

NOTE
Dynaloader has not been implemented in Windows NT Perl 5, so that any extension which requires dynamic loading cannot be supported.

Associativity and Precedence of Operators from Highest to Lowest

OperatorAssociativity
++ -- (Autoincrement, autodecrement)Right
! ~ - (Logical not, bitwise not, numeric negate) Right
** (Exponentiation)Left
=~ !~ (Match, doesn't match)Left
* / % x (Multiply, divide, modulus, string repetition) Left
+ - . (Add, subtract, string concatenate) Left
<< >> (Ait shift)None
-r and other file test operators (Note: use hex() and oct() to interpret hex and octal values) None
The named unary operatorsNone
< <= > >= lt le gt ge (The "not equal" operators) None
== != <=> eq ne cmp (The "equal" operators) Left
& (Bitwise and)Left
| ^ (Bitwise or, bitwise exclusive or) Left
&& (Logical and)Left
|| (Logical or)None
.. (Range operator, list constructor)Right
?: (Ternary if/then/else operator)Right
+= And others (the "assignment" operators) Left
, (comma)None
The "list" operators 

Predefined Character Class Abbreviations

Equivalent ClassConstruct Negated ClassNegated Construct
\d (digits)[0-9]\D (digits, not!) [^0-9]
\w (words)[a - zA - Z0-9_] \W (words, not!)[^a - zA - Z0-9_]
\s (space)[ \r\t\n\f] \S (space, not!)[^ \r\t\n\f]

Regular Expression Grouping Operator Precedence-Highest to Lowest

NameRepresentation
Parentheses()
Multipliers+ * ? {m,n}
Sequence and anchoringabc ^ $ \b \B
Alternation|

File Tests

-r
File or directory is readable
-w
File or directory is writable
-x
File or directory is excutable
-o
File or directory is owned by user
-R
File or directory is readable by real user, not effective user
-W
File or directory is writable by real user, not effective user
-X
File or directory is writable by real user, not effective user
-O
File or directory is owned by real user, not effective user
-e
File or directory exists
-z
File exists and has zero size
-s
File or directory exists and has nonzero size
-f
Entry is plain file
-d
Entry is a directory
-l
Entry is a symlink
-S
Entry is a socket
-p
Entry is a pipe
-b
Entry is a block-special file
-c
Entry is a character-special file
-u
File or directory is setuid
-g
File or directory is setgid
-k
File or directory has the sticky bit set
-t
Isatty() on the filehandle true
-T
File is text
-B
File is binary
-M
Modification age in days
-A
Access age in days
-C
Inode-modification age in days

Perl GNU General Public License

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software-to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.

These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU General Public License

Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution, and Modification

   0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program," below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification.") Each licensee is addressed as "you."
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
    You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

    1. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
    2. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
    3. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: If the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
      These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
      Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
      In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

  1. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

    1. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
    2. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
    3. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
      The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
      If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

  1. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
  2. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
  3. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
  4. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License.
    If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
    If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
    It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
    This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
  5. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
  6. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
    Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version" you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
  7. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

No Warranty

  1. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
  2. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
    Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19__ name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type "show w."

This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type "show c" for details.

The hypothetical commands "show w" and "show c" should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than "show w" and "show c"; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items-whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' 
(which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
  Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.

The "Artistic License"

Preamble

The intent of this document is to state the conditions under which a Package may be copied, such that the Copyright Holder maintains some semblance of artistic control over the development of the package, while giving the users of the package the right to use and distribute the Package in a more-or-less customary fashion, plus the right to make reasonable modifications.

Definitions

"Package" refers to the collection of files distributed by the Copyright Holder, and derivatives of that collection of files created through textual modification.

"Standard Version" refers to such a Package if it has not been modified, or has been modified in accordance with the wishes of the Copyright Holder as specified below.

"Copyright Holder" is whoever is named in the copyright or copyrights for the package.

"You" is you, if you're thinking about copying or distributing this Package.

"Reasonable copying fee" is whatever you can justify on the basis of media cost, duplication charges, time of people involved, and so on. (You will not be required to justify it to the Copyright Holder, but only to the computing community at large as a market that must bear the fee.)

"Freely Available" means that no fee is charged for the item itself, though there may be fees involved in handling the item.

It also means that recipients of the item may redistribute it under the same conditions they received it.

  1. You may make and give away verbatim copies of the source form of the Standard Version of this Package without restriction, provided that you duplicate all of the original copyright notices and associated disclaimers.
  2. You may apply bug fixes, portability fixes and other modifications derived from the Public Domain or from the Copyright Holder. A Package modified in such a way shall still be considered the Standard Version.
  3. You may otherwise modify your copy of this Package in any way, provided that you insert a prominent notice in each changed file stating how and when you changed that file, and provided that you do at least one of the following:

    1. Place your modifications in the Public Domain or otherwise make them Freely Available, such as by posting said modifications to Usenet or an equivalent medium, or placing the modifications on a major archive site such as uunet.uu.net, or by allowing the Copyright Holder to include your modifications in the Standard Version of the Package.
    2. Use the modified Package only within your corporation or organization.
    3. Rename any nonstandard executables so the names do not conflict with standard executables, which must also be provided, and provide a separate manual page for each nonstandard executable that clearly documents how it differs from the Standard Version.
    4. Make other distribution arrangements with the Copyright Holder.

  1. You may distribute the programs of this Package in object code or executable form, provided that you do at least ONE of the following:

    1. Distribute a Standard Version of the executables and library files, together with instructions (in the manual page or equivalent) on where to get the Standard Version.
    2. Accompany the distribution with the machine-readable source of the Package with your modifications.
    3. Give nonstandard executables nonstandard names, and clearly document the differences in manual pages (or equivalent), together with instructions on where to get the Standard Version.
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