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gawk is upwardly compatible with the awk program, which uses pattern-matching to modify files. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other awk implementations (awk, nawk), such as functions to convert the case of a matched string. For more detailed information, see Chapter 25, “gawk.”
gdb is a debugger with a command-line user interface. Object files and symbol tables are read using the BFD library, which allows a single copy of gdb to debug programs of multiple-object file formats. Other new features include command-language improvements, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints (breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes). An X version of gdb called xxgdb also is available.
The gdbm library is the GNU replacement for the traditional dbm and ndbm database libraries. It implements a database using lookup by hash tables.
Ghostscript is GNU’s PostScript-compatible graphics language. It accepts commands in PostScript and executes them by writing directly to a printer, drawing in an X window, or writing to a file that you can print later (or to a bitmap file that you can edit with other graphics programs).
Ghostscript includes a graphics library that can be called from C. This allows client programs to use Ghostscript’s features without having to know the PostScript language. For more information, consult Chapter 24, “Ghostscript.”
Ghostview is used as an X-based previewer for multipage files that are interpreted by Ghostscript.
GNU mp (gmp) is an extensive library for arbitrary precision arithmetic on signed integers and rational numbers.
GNU’s A Tracking System is a problem-reporting system. It uses the model of a central site or organization that receives problem reports and administers their resolution by electronic mail. Although it is used primarily as a software bug-tracking system, it could also be used for handling system-administration issues, project management, and a variety of other applications.
GNU Graphics is a set of programs that produces plots from ASCII or binary data. It supports output to PostScript and the X window system, has shell scripts examples using graph and plot, and features a statistics toolkit.
Shogi is a Japanese game similar to chess, with the exception that captured pieces can be returned to play. GNU Shogi is based on the implementation of GNU Chess; it implements the same features and uses similar heuristics. As a new feature, sequences of partial board patterns can be introduced in order to help the program play a good order of moves toward specific opening patterns. There are both character- and X-display interfaces.
gnuplot is an interactive program for plotting mathematical expressions and data. It handles both curves (two-dimensional) and surfaces (three-dimensional).
GnuGo plays the game of Go (also known as Wei-Chi).
gperf is a utility to generate “perfect” hash tables. There are implementations of gperf for C and C++ that generate hash functions for both languages.
This package contains GNU grep, egrep, and fgrep. These utilities, which search files for regular expressions, execute much faster than do their traditional counterparts.
Groff is a document-formatting system that includes drivers for PostScript, TeX dvi format, as well as implementations of eqn, nroff, pic, refer, tbl, troff, and the man, ms, and mm macros. Written in C++, these programs can be compiled with GNU C++ Version 2.5 or later.
gzip can expand LZW-compressed files, but uses a different algorithm for compression that generally produces better results than the traditional compress program. It also uncompresses files compressed with the pack program.
GNU hp2xx reads HPGL files, decomposes all drawing commands into elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector (including encapsulated PostScript, Metafont, various special TeX-related formats, and simplified HPGL) and raster output formats (including PBM, PCX, and HP-PCL).
GNU indent formats C source code according to the GNU coding standards but, optionally, can also use the BSD default, K&R, and other formats. It is also possible to define your own format. indent can handle C++ comments.
Ispell is an interactive spell checker that suggests other words with similar spelling as replacements for unrecognized words. Ispell can use system and personal dictionaries, and standalone and GNU Emacs interfaces are also available.
GNU m4 is an implementation of the traditional macroprocessor for C. It has some extensions for handling more than nine positional parameters to macros, including files, running shell commands, and performing arithmetic.
GNU make adds extensions to the traditional program that is used to manage dependencies between related files. GNU extensions include long options, parallel compilation, flexible implicit pattern rules, conditional execution, and powerful-text manipulation functions. Recent versions have improved error reporting and added support for the popular += syntax to append more text to a variable’s definition. For further information about make, please see Chapter 56, “Source Code Control.”
mtools is a set of public-domain programs that allow Linux systems to read, write, and manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system (usually a disk).
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