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OPTIONS
| _a|_al|_as | Turn on assembly listings; _al, listing only, _as, symbols only, -a, everything. |
| _D | This option is accepted only for script compatibility with calls to other assemblers; it has no effect on as. |
| _f | "Fast"_skip preprocessing (assume source is compiler output). |
| _I\path | Add path to the search list for .include directives. |
| _K | Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements. |
| _L | Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with L. |
| _o\objfile | Name the object-file output from as. |
| _R | Fold data section into text section. |
| _v | Announce as version. |
| _W | Suppress warning messages. |
| __\|\files... | Source files to assemble, or standard input (__). |
| _Avar | (When configured for Intel 960.) Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target. |
| _b | (When configured for Intel 960.) Add code to collect statistics about branches taken. |
| _no-relax | (When configured for Intel 960.) Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements; error if necessary. |
| _l | (When configured for Motorola 68000.) Shorten references to undefined symbols to one word instead of two. |
| _mc68000|_mc68010|_mc68020 | (When configured for Motorola 68000.) Specify which processor in the 68000 family is the target (default 68020). |
Options may be in any order, and may be before, after, or between filenames. The order of filenames is significant.
The double hyphens command (—) by itself names the standard input file explicitly, as one of the files for as to assemble.
Except for __, any command line argument that begins with a hyphen (_) is an option. Each option changes the behavior of as. No option changes the way another option works. An option is a hyphen followed by one or more letters; the case of the letter is important. All options are optional.
The _o option expects exactly one filename to follow. The filename may either immediately follow the option's letter (compatible with older assemblers) or it may be the next command argument (GNU standard).
These two command lines are equivalent:
as _o my_object_file.o mumble.s as _omy_object_file.o mumble.s
SEE ALSO
as entry in info; Using as: The GNU Assembler; gcc(1), ld(1).
COPYING
Copyright " 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be included in translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the original English.
Cygnus Support, 21 January 1992
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asciitopgm—Convert ASCII graphics into a portable graymap
SYNOPSIS
asciitopgm [-d divisor] height width [asciifile]
DESCRIPTION
Reads ASCII data as input. Produces a portable graymap with pixel values that are an approximation of the brightness of the ASCII characters, assuming black-on-white printing. In other words, a capital M is very dark, a period is very light, and a space is white. Input lines that are fewer than width characters are automatically padded with spaces.
The divisor argument is a floating-point number by which the output pixels are divided; the default value is 1.0. This can be used to adjust the brightness of the graymap; for example, if the image is too dim, reduce the divisor.
In keeping with (I believe) FORTRAN line-printer conventions, input lines beginning with a + (plus) character are assumed to overstrike the previous line, allowing a larger range of gray values.
This tool contradicts the message in the pbmtoascii manual: "Note that there is no asciitopbm tool—this transformation is one-way."
BUGS
The table of ASCII-to-gray values is subject to interpretation, and, of course, depends on the typeface intended for the input.
SEE ALSO
pbmtoascii(1), pgm(5)
AUTHOR
Wilson H. Bent, Jr. (whb@usc.edu)
26 December 1994
atktopbm—Convert Andrew Toolkit raster object to portable bitmap
SYNOPSIS
atktopbm [atkfile]
DESCRIPTION
atktopbm reads an Andrew Toolkit raster object as input and produces a portable bitmap as output.
SEE ALSO
pbmtoatk(1), pbm(5)
AUTHOR
Copyright " 1991 by Bill Janssen
26 September 1991
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bash—GNU Bourne_again shell
SYNOPSIS
bash [options] [file]
DESCRIPTION
bash is an sh_compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file. bash also incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).
bash is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 10032).
OPTIONS
In addition to the single_character shell options documented in the description of the set built-in command, bash interprets the following flags when it is invoked:
| _c string | If the _c flag is present, then commands are read from string. If there are arguments after the string, they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $0. |
| _i | If the _i flag is present, the shell is interactive. |
| _s | If the _s flag is present, or if no arguments remain after option processing, then commands are read from the standard input. This option allows the positional parameters to be set when invoking an interactive shell. |
| _ | A single _ signals the end of options and disables further option processing. Any arguments after the _ are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of — is equivalent to an argument of _. |
bash also interprets a number of multicharacter options. To be recognized, these options must appear on the command line before the single_character options.
| _norc | Do not read and execute the personal initialization file ~/.bashrc if the shell is interactive. This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as sh. |
| _noprofile | Do not read either the system_wide startup file /etc/profile or any of the personal initialization files ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, or ~/.profile. By default, bash normally reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell. (See the "Invocation" section, later in this manual page.) |
| _rcfile file | Execute commands from file instead of the standard personal initialization file ~/.bashrc, if the shell is interactive. (See "Invocation.") |
| _version | Show the version number of this instance of bash when starting. |
| _quiet | Do not be verbose when starting up (do not show the shell version or any other information). This is the default. |
| _login | Make bash act as if it had been invoked as a login shell. |
| _nobraceexpansion | Do not perform curly brace expansion. (See "Brace Expansion," later in this manual page.) |
| _nolineediting | Do not use the GNU readline library to read command lines if interactive. |
| _posix | Change the behavior of bash where the default operation differs from the POSIX 1003.2 standard to match the standard. |
ARGUMENTS
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the _c nor the _s option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the name of a file containing shell commands. If bash is invoked in this fashion, is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters are set to the remaining arguments. bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits. bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed in the script.