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To access the contents, click the chapter and section titles.
HTML 4.0 Sourcebook
Figure 6.9 HTML example document illustrating TITLE, heading, and ADDRESS elements. Figure 6.10 shows this document viewed by Internet Explorer 3. <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Some examples of ADDRESS and heading elements </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1 ALIGN=“center”> Example 3: The Truth About Santa </H1> <P> Breaking the news to a small child that Santa Claus is merely a tool of the modern capitalist is one of the saddest moments in raising children. Nevertheless, such truths must be brought to life, for fear that your child become another Pangloss lost in the idealism so prevalent amongst our youth. Here are some different methods to introduce this topic. <H2 ALIGN=“left”> Santa’s Exploitation of the Working Class </H2> <P> Begin by talking about Santa’s enslaved workforce. How can those poor gnomes make all those gifts? Clearly by driven overwork..... <H3> Elves and the Union Movement </H3> <P> and so on....... <H4> Elf Exploitation </H4> <P> And still more text. ltHR> <ADDRESS> Santa Claus<BR> Christmas Holiday Specialist <BR> North Pole, CANADA H0H 0H0<BR> Tel: (555) 555 POLE </ADDRESS> </BODY> </HTML>
BLOCKQUOTE Element: Block Quotations
BLOCKQUOTE marks a block of text as a quotation. Browsers can render this in various ways: for example, by indenting the BLOCKQUOTE content and by offsetting it from the preceding and following text. A BLOCKQUOTE also causes a paragraph break and terminates preceding paragraphs. Ideally, you should not place text directly inside a BLOCKQUOTE; rather, the HTML 4 specification recommends that text be placed inside other elements (such as paragraphs and lists) that are in turn inside the BLOCKQUOTE. Thus, the form: <BLOCKQUOTE> <P> This is the quotation. ... ..... </P> </BLOCKQUOTE> is better than: <BLOCKQUOTE> This is the quotation. ... ..... </BLOCKQUOTE> supports the standard “generic” and “event-handler” attributes described earlier in this chapter. Note that the event handlers are only partially supported by Internet Explorer 4 and are not supported by Netscape Navigator 4. BLOCKQUOTE also supports an optional CITE attribute, which takes as its value a URL that references the source of the citation. There are no current Web browsers that support the CITE attribute. A typical BLOCKQUOTE is shown in Figures 6.7 and 6.8. Because BLOCKQUOTE usually introduces left-margin indentation, it is often used to indent blocks of text, such as the paragraphs following a heading. An example is shown in Figure 2.17 and 2.18. A much better approach is to use style sheets, as discussed in Chapter 7. CENTER Element: Center the Enclosed Text
CENTER center-aligns text enclosed within the element, including any enclosed blocks of text, with the exception of left- or right-aligned images or tables, or block elements for which the alignment is specified by the element’s own alignment attribute. In particular, CENTER is often used to center a TABLE. CENTER introduces a line break both before and after the centered text, so that only the enclosed text is centered. Note that CENTER does not introduce any extra vertical spacing beyond that of a regular line break.
Formally, CENTER is a block element, equivalent to a DIV. However, you must be careful about assuming that CENTER provides a line break, since browsers that do not understand this element will ignore the tags and will neither introduce a break, nor center the text. CENTER (or DIV with ALIGN=“center”) can be used to center-align text between two HR elements, as in: <center> <hr width=80%> These simple notes form a useful, single document explaining the rationale and organization of the Web Document template collection. Please print this out for off-line reference. <hr width=80%> </center> If the browser does not support CENTER, the text will still be broken from the preceding or following material because of the HR. Figures 6.11 and 6.12 show how this differs from the following (which includes a P element): <center> <hr width=80%> <P> These simple notes form a useful, single document explaining the rationale and organization of the Web Document template collection. Please print this out for off-line reference. <hr width=80%> </center> Figure 6.11 HTML example document illustrating CENTER and HR elements. <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Example of CENTER and HR</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY> <H2>Example of CENTER and HR</H2> It is always better to use <B>ALIGN</B>=“center” to align things, but sometimes <B>CENTER</B> does have advantages. For example, look at the following: text centered between two <B>HR</B> elements: <CENTER> <HR WIDTH=“60%”> This is a single-page document -- why not <BR> print it out for future reference? <HR WIDTH=“60%”> </CENTER> <P>The <B>CENTER</B> element centers any enclosed, text, including lists ... <CENTER> <UL> <LI>Lists <LI>Centering the text, and not the bullets <LI>Which is sometimes useful <LI>But not always..... </UL> </CENTER> <HR NOSHADE> Note that CENTER tags do not add extra vertical spacing. Observe what happens when an extra <B>P</B> is added inside a <B>CENTER</B>: <CENTER> <HR WIDTH=“60%”> <P>This is a single-page document -- why not <BR> print it out for future reference? <HR WIDTH=“60%”> </CENTER> Note how the extra <B><P></B> in the second example of text centred between HR elements adds extra vertical space between the text and the rule. <HR SIZE=2 NOSHADE> <DIV ALIGN=“right”> <I>Another Exciting HTML Example</I> </DIV> </BODY> </HTML>
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