HTML 4.0 Sourcebook
(Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
Author(s): Ian S. Graham
ISBN: 0471257249
Publication Date: 04/01/98

Index

A

A element, 311–320, 351, 364, 491

ABBR element, 324

Abbreviations, 324

About URLs, 490–491

Abstract-specific formatting, 422

Accept-Charset field, 510–511

Accept-Language field, 511

Access control, 521–526

Accessibility, 356

ACCESSKEY attribute, 392–393

ACRONYM element, 325

Active imagemaps, 116–126

Active images, 116–126

formats, 117

Active-X model, 492

Active-X objects, OBJECT reference, 401–402

ActiveX technology, 94

Active-X/COM class, 489

ADDRESS, 33, 238. See HTML ADDRESS.

element, 38, 226–229, 235

example, 33–43

usage. See Sign documents.

Address information, 226–229

Advanced FORMS, 242

Advanced HTML, 345–457

FORMs, 382–393

Advanced scripting, 445–448

Advanced tables, 279–280

Advanced tabular structure, 280–283

Advertising, 173

media, 162

ALIGN, 419

attribute, 6, 7, 32, 66, 71, 193, 194, 306

heading alignment, 38

Alignment, 153

Allowed attributes, 200–201

ALT attribute, 21–22, 22, 40, 42, 146–147

ALT text descriptions, 43

AltaVista, 35, 220

indexes, 221

Alternative formats, 52–55

Amaya browsers, 347

Ampersand, semicolon replacement, 479

Anchor element, 61–65, 318, 360, 397

space characters, 24

Anchor tags, 24

Anchors, 23, 33–43

Animated GIFs, 108, 114–115, 128

browsers, problems, 115

creation, 114–115

placement. See HyperText Markup Language documents.

Annotated bibliography, 158–159

Anonymous FTP, 39

sites, 112, 123

ANSI C language, 541

ANSI C program, 610

ANSII C library, 606

Apache server, 118, 119, 480, 528, 529, 588

content negotiation, 542

API. See Applications programming interface; Server applications programming interfaces.

APPLET(s), 96–99

element, 301–304, 302

OBJECT embedding, 399–401

parameter, definition, 304–305

replacement, 302

Applications programming interface (API), 544

Arbitrary data object, embedding, 372–375

Archive sites. See Icon archive sites.

AREA element, 334–336

ASCII characters, 459, 530. See also Disallowed ASCII characters; Non-ASCII characters; Special ASCII characters.

codes, 187

ASCII mode, 473, 474

ASCII-character names, 187

Attributes, 192–193, 200, 201, 202–204. See Generic attributes.

Audiences/versions, 179–180

Audio, example, 56–60

Authentication scheme, 522–525

Author-defined document sequence, 317

Authoring, simplified, 137

Author-specified style sheets, 420

AVI-format movie, 90

AVI-format video clip, 307

B

B element, 326

BACKGROUND, 72, 75, 116, 145

Background colors, 115–116

renderings, 278

Background control, 72–74

Background images, 115–116, 127

Backgrounds, 72–83, 278–279

Backtalk, 500, 501

Backwards compatibility, 403

BASE element, 213–215, 466–467, 533

BASEFONT element, 333

Baseline, 306

BASE-specified target, 215

Base URL, 213–215

Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP), 449BDO. See Bi-Directional Override.

Benchmarks, 542

BGCOLOR 72, 74, 76, 77, 83, 116, 276, 288, 419

BGSOUND element, 369–371

Bi-Directional Override (BDO) element, 325, 451

BIG element, 327

Binary data transfers, 474

Binary mode, 473

BLINK element, 194, 371–372

Blinking text, 371–372

Block elements, 195, 226–242

Block quotations, 229–230

BLOCKQUOTE, 14, 15, 38, 47, 56, 66, 238, 451

element, 48, 229–230

Blockquoted text, 385

BMP. See Basic Multilingual Plane.

BODY, 49, 51, 72, 145, 195, 209–213, 211–213, 378

block division, 233–234

content elements, 205

SCRIPT usage, 433–434

BODY-content elements, 423

Boldface block, 326

Books, 129–130

Boolean quantity, 251

BORDER attribute, 74

Borders, 77, 276–278

layout control, 279–280

Bourne shell, 580

Bourne-shell program, 550, 561

BR, 376

BR elements, 14, 69, 191, 238, 300, 337–338

Brochure-Ware, 164

Browsercaps, 45

Browsers, 116

bookmark, 355

capabilities, guide, 45

comparisons, 542

cookie placement, 569

HTML content, 380

plug-ins, 91, 180

Browser/server comparisons, 542

Browser-to-browser variations, 14

Built-in server imagemap support, 118

Business-to-business trade, 167

BUTTON, 242

element, 383–387

Button icons, 24

C

C++, 96, 431

library, 606

C compiler, 119

Caching servers, 541

CAD files, 394

CAPTION element, 291–292

Cascading menu, 383

Cascading properties, 430

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), 3, 4, 48, 243, 346, 412, 420, 423, 456

element positioning, 428–429

equivalents, 413

font reference, 452

language, 421

overview, 424–427

positioning, 407

Case-insensitive element, 192

Case-insensitive relationship values, 317

Case-insensitivity, 5, 193

Case-sensitive attribute values, 192

Case-sensitivity, 7

Castanet URLs, 469

Category names, 299

CDF. See Channel Definition Format.

Cell border, 289

Cell content alignment, 278–279

Cell heights, 279

Cell properties, 76

Cell widths, 279

CELLPADDING, 287

attribute, 83

Cells, 75

CELLSPACING, 83, 287

CENTER element, 230–233

CGI. See Common Gateway Interface.

Cgic, 606

Cgi-lib.pl, 606

Cgi-lite, 606

CGI.pm, 605–606

CGIwrap, 607

Changes/updates, noting, 155

Channel Definition Format (CDF), 455

Character encoding, 185, 450, 460

Character highlighting, 12

Character references, 186

Character sets, 457. See also Internationalized character sets.

issues, 450–451

Character-based browser lynx, 8

Character-like elements, 336–338

Character-string options, 256

Checkboxes, 248–255

Chunking, 176

Cid URLs, 470

CIsid URLs, 489

Citation, 325

CITE attribute, 230, 326

CITE element, 325

CLASS attributes, 365, 422

Class ID, 400

CLASSID attribute, 489

Clean design, 137–139

CLEAR attribute, 69, 71

Click, action, 122–123

Client

actions, 498

data, trust, 572–573

request, 503–506, 510–513

request header, 503–506

server send, 502

status header fields, 530–533

Client-pull, 576–577

META elements, 576–577

technique, 177

Client-server

connection, 499

data encyrption, 525–526

interaction, 500–501

Client-server-gateway interactions, 547, 555

Client-side databases, 126

Client-side imagemap, 406

database, 333–334

Client-side imagemapping, 117, 124–126, 128

Client-side scripts, 442

Client-site imagemaps

mapping areas, 334–336

Clipping, 412

Clipping region, 415

CODE element, 325

CODEBASE, 400, 402

CODETYPE attribute, 401

COL element, 292–294

COLGROUP element, 294–295

Collection, storyboarding, 153

Color depths, 41–42

Color dithering, 104–105

Color representation, 102–103

Color table, 107

Colormaps, 103, 110–111, 116. See also Default system colormaps; Image colormap; Windows colormap.

table, 103

Colors, 276–278

Colors, limited number, 103–104

Colors, smoothing, 109

Columns, 75–76, 271

collection properties, 294–295

specific properties, 292–294

COM. See Component Object Model.

Command-line arguments, 546, 547

Comma-separated frame heights, 359

Comma-separated frame widths, 357

Comma-separated list, 535

Comma-separated values, 356, 357

Common Gateway Interface (CGI), 543–545

animation techniques. See Netscape CGI animation techniques.

database gateways, 609–612

examples/tools, 575–613

libraries, 565

programmer’s reference/FAQ, 612

programmer’s reference/FAQs, 612

programming libraries, 605–607

resources, 575

security, 574

specification, 497, 574

state preservation, 568–572

utility programs, 608–609

Common Gateway Interface (CGI) programs, 118, 119, 122, 154, 442, 480, 527, 528, 537, 560, 569, 575, 580, 583, 585, 590–605, 596, 609

accelerator, 605

archive sites, 613

resource site, 608

security issues, 572–573

shell script execution, 588

Community, building, 172–173

Competitive analysis, 173

Component Object Model (COM), 405, 489

Component testing, 180

Composed images, 109–110

Computer games, 132–133

Config, 589

Connection field, 512

Connection status header fields, 530–533, 534–535

Contact information, 40

Containers, 190

Content, 163–165. See Dated content.

determination, 176

maintenance tasks, 172

model. See Phrase-level elements.

owners, determination, 176

rules, 200–201

Content-disposition fields, 554

Content-driven Web presence, 169

Content-driven web sites, 168–173

Content-ID headers, 485

Content-Length field, 509

Content-type, 508–509, 520. See also MIME content-type.

header, 188

MIME header, 90

Context, clarity, 40–41

Contrast, 153

Cookies. 513, 569–571, 572

CRLF, 473, 506

Cross-linked branches, 141

CSS. See Cascading Style Sheet.

Custom response fields, 554

Customer service Web sites, 165–166

Custom-written server modules, 445

D

3-D frame borders, 361

Data, 56–60, 495–496, 520–526, 542.

object. See Arbitrary data object.

OBJECT-based inclusion, 394–396

processing. See HyperText Transfer Protocol server.

URLs, 470–471

Database-web gateway references, 613

Data/data handler, referencing, 402–403

Data-format-specific modules, 372

Data/program object, embedding, 404–406

Date field, 508

Date formats, 542

specification, 537–541

Dated content, 137–139

DD element, 264

Default language, META specification, 421–422

Default script language, META usage, 437

Default system colormaps, 104

Defining instance325

Definition, 325

DEL, 338–342

elements, 200, 339–340

DELETE, 520

Deleted text, 339–340

Delivered documents, gateway filtering, 149–150

deposit_form.pl, 598–600

Design. See Clean design; Hierarchy

details, 179

issues, 52–55

limitations, confronting, 170–171

prototyping, 153

tips, 163–165, 167–168, 170–173

Destinations, 164, 175

DFN element, 325

Digest authentication, 521

DIR element, 268

Directory list, 268

Disallowed ASCII characters, 461

Dithering. See Color dithering.

DIV element, 80–81, 233–234, 288

DL element, 261–263

DOCTYPE

declaration, 210

public text identifier, 189

Document. See Delivered documents; Framed documents; HyperText Markup Language; Linear documents.

BODY, 10–11

character set, 449

collections, 48–55, 53, 56

HEAD, 10

linking, 26–32

management, 151–152

meta-information, 210–211, 218–224

Object Model (DOM), 346, 445–448

structure, 10

text body, 211–213

TITLE, 10

title, 225–226

type definitions (DTDs), 343

DOM. See Document.

Domain name, 464

Downloads, 163. See also Graphics downloads.

DT element, 263–264

DTDs. See Document.

Dynamic scripting, 434–435

Dynamic scripts, 439–442

E

Eavesdropping, 500

Echo, 585

E-commerce web sites, 166–168

Editable fields, 248

Element, 189–193

abbreviations, 202

attached formatting, 422–424

attributes, 5–6, 191. See also Event-handler element attributes.

end tags, 191

nesting, 192

notation, 201

spaces, 15

specifications, key, 200–201

Elements-based table of contents, 195–199

Element-specific formatting, 423–424

EM element, 326

Emacs-w3 browsers, 347

E-mail forums, 165

Email handler, 609

EMBED

comparison. See OBJECT.

element, 90–95, 372–375

OBJECT replacement, 373

HTML alternative, 379–380

Embedded applet, 301–304

Embedded data, 91, 94

Embedded programs, 96–99

Emphasis, 326

Empty ALT, 22

Empty elements, 5, 7, 191

Empty FRAME, specification, 353–354

Enclosed text, centering, 230–233

Encryption algorithms, 522

Encryption key, generation, 387

End tags, 5, 6, 190, 191

Enlarged font text, 327

Enlarged-sized text, 385

Entity references, 186, 187

Entity references, additions, 451–452

Environment variables, 546, 555, 588–589, 593, 604. See also Request header-based environment variables; Server-side include environment variables; Standard environment variables.

Error-free FORM, processing, 601–602

Event handlers, 234, 437, 439

Event-handlers, 208–209, 227, 235, 240, 287, 311

Event-handling attributes, 337, 340, 361

Event-handling script, 376

Excite, 35

Exec, 588

Experimental Web browsers, 457

Extensible language, 4

eXtensible Markup Language (XML), 454–455, 457, 494

External links, 172

External script files, 435–436

External style sheet, 425

linkage, 420–421

F

FAQ. See Frequently asked question.

FastCGI, 575, 605

API, 605

Favorites list, 355

FIELDSET, 242

element, 389–390

label, 390

File program, 121

File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 25, 39, 472, 528

server, 60

sites. See Anonymous FTP sites.

URLs, 472–475

File URLs, 471–472

Filename, 39

Files, image storage, 105

Fill-in forms, 83–89, 242–260, 243–247

Financial transactions, 542

Fixed-width font, 259

Fixed-width table columns, 308

Fixed-width typewriter font, 332

Flash pages, 176–177

Flastmod, 587

Flat document collections, 49–51

Floated tables, 291

Floating FRAME, 364–368

FONT element, 327–329

Fonts, 452–453

characteristics. See Default font characteristics.

embedding, 452–453

Fonts/font embedding, 457

FORM, 47, 226, 500, 515, 543, 547, 573, 611

attributes, 391–393

elements, 83–89, 89, 243–247, 255, 351, 364, 437, 479

field errors, processing, 602–603

Input elements, 85–88

interface, 597

submitting, 88–89

text, HTML encoding, 567–568

text input element, 440

text-level elements, 439

tutorials, 613

FORM data, 478, 548, 565, 567, 598, 606

encoding, 484

processing/checking, 600–601

URL encoding, 478–479

FORM submission

GET method, usage, 516–517

POST method, usage, 517–520

Format negotiation, 528–529

Formatting, specification, 3–4

Form-based data processing, 89

FORMS. See Advanced FORMS.

Form-style interfaces, 89

Fragment identifiers, 64–65, 467

FRAME, 4, 347–368

document, 490

document, declaration, 356–359

element, 194, 359–362

FRAME-based documents, 194

FRAMEBORDER, 356–358

Framed documents, 347–368

FRAME-incapable browsers, markup, 362–364

Frame-related elements, 195, 356

Frames, 319. See Named frames.

Frames, usage, 355–356

FRAMESET, 439

element, 356–359

FRAME inclusion, 359–362

NOFRAMES usage, 364

Frequently asked question (FAQ) lists, 164–165

Fsize, 585–587

FTP. See File Transfer Protocol.

Full URLs, 38–39, 64–65

G

Gateway, server send (CGI), 546–547

Gateway programming languages, 545

Gateway programs, 121, 150, 480, 506, 509, 547–548, 551, 553, 555, 560–567

communication, 545–568

design. See Safe gateway programs.

design, issues, 603–604

server directives, 548–550, 551

Generic attributes, 205–207, 227, 235, 240, 287, 311, 337, 340

GET, 497, 498, 506, 515–520, 530, 543, 561, 565, 567

GET method, 548, 567, 603, 606

query string, usage, 515

request, 502

GIF. See Animated GIFs; Graphics Interchange Format; Special GIF image properties.

GIF-format Greek letters, 453

GIF-format icons, 43

GIFtool (UNIX; MS-DOS), 114

Giftrans (UNIX; PC-DOS), 112–113

Global navigation, 175

Glorglox, 124

Glossary-like lists, 261

Glossary list, 261–264

description, 264

Gopher, 39, 459, 462

URLs, 475–477

Grail browsers, 347

Graphical browser, 266

Graphical browsers, 26

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), 17, 23, 101, 105, 107–108, 109, 114, 115, 163. See also Animated GIFs.

files, 504

images, 56, 57, 60, 110–111. See also Interlaced GIF images; Transparent GIF images.

Graphics-intensive designs, 170

Guard system information, 572

GZIP archive, 554

H

HEAD, 497, 514, 530

elements, 209–213, 210–211, 218

meta-information elements, 213–226

method, 513–515

usage, 514–515

Headers, 506–510

Heading alignment, 67

Heading elements, 11, , 33–38, 226–242

Headings, 33–43, 66–72, 234–235

HEIGHT attribute, 81, 82, 411

Helper applications, 58–59, 91

Hexadecimal code, 460

Hidden elements, 569. See also State preservation.

Hierarchical language, 200

Hierarchical structure, 40

Hierarchies/linear components, combination, 143

Hierarchy, design, 142

Hn elements, 234–235, 238

Home directory, 473

Home icon, 42

Home pages, 33–43, 143. See also Multiple home pages.

content, determination, 176

design issues, 39–43

URLs, 180

Horizontal dividing lines, HR usage, 38

Horizontal Rule (HR)

element, 49, 191, 231

usage. See Horizontal dividing lines.

Horizontal Rule (HR) element, 235–237

Horizontal rules, 15

Horizontal spacing, 380–382

Host field, 512

HR. See Horizontal Rule.HREF, 24, 29, 32, 39, 66, 191, 214, 216, 217, 218, 312, 313, 316, 317, 471

HSPACE, 67–69, 71

HTML. See HyperText Markup Language.

HTML-related scripting languages, 456–457

HTML-related Web resources, Yahoo list, 45

HTML-specific formatting, 3

HTTP. See HyperText Transfer Protocol.

HTTP-EQUIV attribute, 577

usage, 219–220

HTTP-EQUIV attributes, 219

HTTPS URLs, 481–482

HyperCard, 132

Hypermedia, 133

design, 134

Hypertext, 132–133

anchor, 23, 26, 423

design, 129

linking, 205

links, 2, 17–33, 40–41, 66, 138, 171, 214, 227

web collections, 133–134

Hypertext anchor, 32, 58, 307, 311–320

images, 24

Hypertext-linked HTML files, 33

HyperText Markup Language (HTML), 1–45, 47–99, 139, 184–195, 200–209, 209–213, 342, 345–457. See Advanced HTML.

ADDRESS, 38

authoring, 345, 583

character references, 193

comments, 152, 222, 436

detail, 183–343

directory, 122

editing tools, 172

Editors, 142

editors, 75, 221

entity references, 193

errors, browser handling, 193–194

extensions, 345–457. See also Proprietary HTML extensions.

features, 345–457

FORMs, 83, 502, 560–561, 561–567. See Advanced HTML FORMs.

fragment, insertion, 595–597

internationalization, 448–452

Internet Explorer-specific extension, 293

link elements, 452

markup, 96, 338, 406, 416, 428, 446, 580

tags, 16, 260

OBJECT elements, 471

OBJECTs, embedding, 393–407

parsing phase, 590

style sheets, 418–448

TABLE element, 271

tables, 75, 276

user input tools, 545

validators, 193

versions, 343

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) documents, 5, 7–45, 51, 53, 56, 58, 85, 90, 95, 98, 101, 117, 124, 129, 133, 149, 162, 183–187, 188, 209–210, 301, 317, 363, 364, 368, 420, 424, 426, 436, 446, 449, 452, 453, 461, 467, 479, 499, 551, 589, 590, 595, 596, 608

Animated GIF placement, 115

design, 47–99

design examples, 47–99

graphics/images, 101–128

images inclusion, 102

internal links, 61–66

scripting, 431

special characters, 187–188

structure, 194–195

style sheet linkage, 420–422

templates, 137, 151, 179, 598

Hypertext relationship elements, 311–320

Hypertext structure, 153

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 25, 85, 117, 122, 123, 459, 466, 498, 499, 500–502, 503, 504, 510–513, 514–520, 522–525, 529–537, 541, 603

GET method, 308

headers, 189, 315, 316, 437, 529–537, 546, 575

keep-alive, 499, 576

POST method, 546

protocol, 60, 244, 251, 437, 460, 497–542, 543, 568

proxy servers, 528

request, 498, 520, 522, 530–534, 555, 569, 571

response, 220, 569, 534–537, 575, 579

session, elements, 502–513

URLs, 38–39, 216, 460, 462, 469, 477–481

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) servers, 33, 38, 39, 54, 59, 60, 83, 90, 118, 151, 154, 245, 421, 437, 442, 481, 497, 499, 516, 520, 548, 551, 552, 572, 575, 584, 605, 607

data processing, 543–574

I

I element, 329

Icon archive sites, 127

ID attributes, 365, 423

ID values, 300

ID-labeled element, 423

IETF. See Internet Explorer Task Force.

IFC. See Internet Foundation Class.

If-Modified-Since field, 505–506

IFRAME element, 364–368

ILAYER, 446

elements, 414–417

(Inflow layer), 408–414

Image-intensive home pages, 41

Imagemapping, 117

Imagemaps, 396–403. See Active imagemaps.

database, 119–124

files, generation tools, 123–124

information, 128

installation, 118–119

URLs, 122

Images, 17–33, 41–42, 56–60, 66–72. See also Active images; Background images; Composed images.

alignment, 67–71

archives, lists, 127

borders, 69

browser loading, 22

colormap, selection, 105

C program, 580–583

display, 104–105

file formats, 105

formats, 23. See Supported image formats.

graphical design, 177–178

map, 41

mode, 473

padding, 67–69

processing, basic issues, 108–110

reducing/rescaling, 108–109

sites, 127

size, 22

tables usage, 80–81

WIDTH/HEIGHT, 67

IMAP mail servers, 493

IMG elements, 6, 14, 17, 21, 22, 24, 32, 40, 48, 58, 66, 67, 69, 71, 82, 90, 95, 101, 102, 125, 146, 191, 193, 253, 305–311, 336, 366, 395, 396, 403, 404, 470, 471, 480, 491, 577

IMG tags, 110

Include command format, 584–589

Inclusion elements, 301–311

Indirected links, 217

Inflow layer. See ILAYER.

Information, non-linear representations, 48

Information Commons Web site, 145, 146

Inheritance, 423

Inline audio snippets, 369–371

Inline data viewers, 90–95

Inline elements, 195

Inline images, 17–23, 305–311

Inline text, generic container, 329

Input, 88, 388, 389–390, 603–604

INPUT element, 248–255

INS, 338–342

INS elements, 200, 340–341

Inserted text, 340–341

Interactivity, 165

Interlaced GIFs, 128

images, 111

Internal links. See HyperText Markup Language documents.

International Standards Organization (ISO), 185, 186, 449, 450, 460, 519, 530, 567, 604

Internationalization sets, 457

Internationalized character sets, 449–450

Internationalized documents, 195

Internet domain name, getting, 154–155

Internet Explorer 3, 90, 94, 206, 239, 276, 279, 281, 288, 289, 297, 301, 303, 329, 336, 346, 358, 394, 431, 492, 505

Internet Explorer 4, 77, 90, 94, 96, 108, 206, 223, 227, 234–236, 238–240, 242, 243, 249, 250, 256, 260, 262, 276, 278, 292, 295, 303, 305, 313, 326, 335, 336, 339, 346, 357, 358, 363, 376, 377, 388, 391, 394, 396, 407, 420, 428, 437, 446, 450, 482, 484, 498, 505

Internet Explorer Task Force (IETF), 494

Internet Foundation Class (IFC), 490

Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC), 155

Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, 464, 521, 533

Internet Publishing, File URLs usage, 471

Internet Relay Chat sessions, 493

Internet Service Providers (ISPs), 157

InterNIC. See Internet Network Information Center.

Intranet software, 151

ISAPI, 573

ISINDEX, 478, 515, 543, 611

deletion, 216

document request, 547

elements, 213, 215–216

queries, 546, 548–551, 610

script, 555

searches, 547–548

URL encoding, 478–479

ISMAP active image, 465

ISMAP attribute, 125, 480

ISMAP-activated IMG element, 308

ISO. See International Standards Organization.

ISPs. See Internet Service Providers.

Italics, 329

J

JAR Installation Manager (JIM), 374

JASS. See JavaScript.

Java, 96, 171, 180

applets, 2, 96, 97, 99, 157, 180, 402

interface, 544

program, 403

URLs, 489

JavaBean object, 253

Javabean URLs, 489–490

Java-database interface, 180

JavaScript, 4, 171, 180, 209, 223, 247, 253, 346, 431, 435, 438, 445

Accessible Style Sheets (JASS), 446

code, 414

comment, 222, 432

interpreter, 380

language, 432

programs, 178, 303, 432, 583

scripts, 157

statements, 491

URLs, 491–492

JavaScript-based server-side scripting, 608

JIM. See JAR Installation Manager.

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), 23, 57, 105, 108, 109, 163. See also Progressive Joint Photographic Experts Group.

file, 504

format, 189, 305

images, 60

JPEG. See Joint Photographic Experts Group.

Jscript, 431, 446

K

KBD element, 326

Keep-alive header field, 512

Key sizes, user-selectable list, 387

Keyboard input, 326

Keyboard-based access, 390

KEYGEN element, 387

L

LABEL, 242

element, 388

LAN. See Local Area Network.

Language sets, issues, 450–451

Large images, linkage, 57

Large images/small files, 57

Last-Modified, 509

LaTeX, 271

LaTeX, usage, 453–454

LaTeX, viewer plugin, 453–454

LAYER, 408–414

elements, 414–417. See Netscape LAYER elements.

LAYER, style sheets comparison, 412–414

Layer-ID, 416

Layer-incapable browsers, 417–418

Layers. See Nested overlapping layers; Positioned layers.

default positions, 408

positions, JavaScript control, 414

LDAP. See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.

LDAP directory servers, 525

LEGEND, 242

element, 390

LI element. See List Item element.

Libcgi++, 606

Libwww, 607

Libwww-perl, 607

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) URLs, 482

Line break, 337–338

Linear documents, 130–131

collections, 135–139

Linear hypertext, 47–56

LINK elements, 11, 216–218, 537

Link-checking program, 513

Linked text, URL usage, 29–31

Links, menus, 29, 31

List elements, 14

nesting, 55

List Item (LI), 15

element, 270–271

Listed file, 585–587

List-related elements, 261–271

Lists, 13–14, 31, 261–271

Literal characters, 326

Literal strings, 192–193

Local Area Network (LAN), 527

Local navigation, 175

Local scripts/remote scripts, mixing, 436

Logical markup, 2

Logical phrase-level elements, 324–326

Logical structure, 6

Logical styles, 320

Long-term maintenance, 180–181

LOOP attribute, 370

Low-contrast backgrounds, 116

Lycos, 35, 220, 221

Lynx, 12, 24, 26, 117. See Character-based browser lynx.

browser, 7

interpretation, 21

M

Mac-Imagemap, 124

Macintosh, 5, 95, 96, 104, 143, 328

browsers, 60

Macromedia Director, 132–133

Mail message information, specification, 483–484

Mailbox URLs, 470, 492

Mailto URLs, 245, 247, 482–484

Main pages, 154

MAP element, 254, 309, 310, 333–334

Map file entry, 119

Mapedit, 123, 124

Marketing media, 162

Markup, 1, 5, 15. See Special markup.

tags, 5, 189–193

MARQUEE element, 375–377

Mathematical markup, 457

Mathematics, 453–454

MENU element, 268–270

Menu list, 268–270

Message ID headers, 485

Message properties header fields, 533, 535–537

META, 11, 152, 218–224, 450, 514. See also Client-pull.

specification. See Default language.

Meta-information elements. See HEAD meta-information elements; Phrase-level meta-information elements.

Method field, 503–504

Microsoft HTML documentation, 455–456

Microsoft Network (MSN), 171

Mid URLs, 484–485

MIME, 580

content-types, 60, 90, 188, 319, 504, 514, 530, 534, 550, 577

messages, 518, 565, 578

types, 59–60, 92, 105, 108, 188, 224, 304, 395, 405, 421, 437, 471, 491, 497, 504, 519, 520, 563, 575, 580, 588. See also Script files.

MIME-encoded multipart message, 470

Missing features, 453–455

MKS Web Integrity, 520

Mobile code issues, 456

Movies, 56–60

MPEG, 57, 59

MSN. See Microsoft Network.

MULTICOL element, 377–378

Multi-column table cells, 272–276

Multicolumn text, 377–378

Multi-line comments, 188

Multimedia, 132–133

Multimedia content, 180

Multipart MIME type, 575

Multiple home pages, 147

Multiple parents, 141

Multi-row table cells, 272–276

N

NAME, 61–65, 219, 310, 334, 481, 606

string, 567, 568, 604

Name tokens, 192

Named browser, 214

Named frames, 319

data targeting, 348–355

Named windows, 319

NAME/HREF combination, 64

Name/value pairs, 255, 387, 516, 532

Navigation, 49, 51, 56, 154, 174–175

Navigational bar, 353

Navigational icons, 42, 150

Navigational links, 137

NCSA

HTTP server, 521

HTTPD server, 584

Mosaic browser, 521

servers, 118, 119, 480, 590

Nested elements, 423

Nested OBJECTS, 403

Nested overlapping layers, 411–412

Nesting. See List elements.

Netscape

CGI animation techniques, 575–583

cookies, 574. See State preservation.

frames

BASE support, 214–215

documentation, 455

HTML documentation, 455–456

HTTP servers, 544

LAYER elements, 407–418

LiveWire, 442–445

programmers, 379

servers, 480

Netscape Navigator, 3, 7, 10, 11, 21, 88, 91

browser, 8, 519

browsers, 473

incompatibility. See Internet Explorer 3.

Netscape Navigator 3, 77, 94, 223, 224, 239, 254, 262, 276, 299, 303, 307, 327, 329, 357, 394, 431, 434, 435, 510

Netscape Navigator 4, 77–79, 90, 94, 96, 108, 206, 227, 234–236, 238–240, 242, 243, 249, 250, 253, 262, 276, 278, 292, 307, 328, 339, 346, 357, 374, 393, 394, 396, 407, 420, 428, 431, 437, 450, 452, 469, 471, 482, 492, 493, 498, 530

Netscape-specific BLINK, 346

New lines, interpretation, 11

New-line characters, 260

News URLs, 485–486

Nntp functionality, 487

Newsgroup forums, 165

Next-generation HTML starting points, 455

NNTP, 486–487, 525

transactions, 528

URLs, 486–487

NNTPSERVER environment variable, 485

No line break, 378–379

NOBR element, 378–379

NOEMBED element, 379–380

NOFRAMES element, 362–364

NOLAYER elements, 417–418

Non-ASCII characters, 460, 478

Non-CGI-based mechanisms, 529

Non-commercial Mosaic browser, 348

Non-empty element, 347

Nonexistent TARGET name, 354

Non-graphical browsers, 361

Non-HTML documents, 150, 200

Nonlinear media, 131–134

Non-parsed header, 547

gateway programs, 552–554

script, 579

Non-secure HTTP servers, 525

Non-standard event handling attributes, 209

NOSCRIPT, 338–342

element, 341–342

NotePad editor, 4

Notice, 597–603

Notice fill-in FORM, 598–600

Novell, 471

NSAPI, 573, 574

NSCA imagemap approach, 124

O

OBJECT-based data references, problems, 395–396

Object-derived language, 431

OBJECT-embedded images, 396–403

OBJECTs, 90–95, 404–406, 489

embedding, 456. See also HyperText Markup Language.

imagemaps, 399

inside elements, 398–399

parameter, 407

support, 394

OL element. See Ordered List element.

On-line CGI, 613

On-line companies, 166

On-line fee-based publications, 169

On-line publications, 169–170

OpenText, 221

OpenType, 452

OPTGROUP, 242

element, 390–391

OPTIONs, 256–257, 390–391

Oracle, 611

Ordered List (OL), 14, 264–265

OS/2, 143

P

P element. See Paragraphs.

Package trading, 165

Page access counter, 590–595

Page layout, 82, 83, 141, 177–178

INPUT elements usage, 242–243

prototyping, 153

Page-to-HTML converters, 608

Paper, 129–130

Paragraphs, 12–13, 31

alignment, 66–72, 67

(P) element, 238–239

tags, 13

PARAM element, 304–305, 407

Partial URLs, 25, 27, 28

perl, 573

Perl 4/5 library, 606

Perl 5 library, 605–606, 606

Perl database interface libraries, 612

Personal HTML directories, 480–481

PFR. See Portable Font Resources.

PhotoShop transparent GIF plugin, 114

Phrase-level elements. See Logical phrase-level elements; Physical phrase-level elements.

content model, 321–324

Phrase-level markup, 320–324

Phrase-level meta-information elements, 332–336

Physical highlighting, 12

Physical markup, semantic markup comparison, 1–4

Physical phrase-level elements, 326–332

PICS document rating system, 342

Pixelmaps, 106–107

P-JPEG. See Progressive Joint Photographic Experts Group.

PKZIP, 53

Plain-text terminals, 3

Plugins, 94–95

PNG. See Portable Network Graphics.Port number, 459, 464

Portable Font Resources (PFR), 452

Portable Network Graphics (PNG), 105, 108

format, 23, 109, 305

Positioned layers, 408–414

POST, 497, 498, 506, 515–520, 530, 543

advantages, 567

method, 247, 502, 565, 606

request. See HyperText Markup Language.

PostScript files, 394

PRE, 47–56, 322, 332

PRE element, 48, 239–242, 305

avoidance, 240

features, 240

Predefined TARGET names, 354–355

Pre-designed HTML templates, 172

Preformatted text, 239–242

Presentation, 49, 162

Privacy, preserving, 156

process_form.pl, 600–601, 602–603

Product-format-specific modules, 372

Production directories, 152

PROFILE attribute, 211

Program script, 222–224

Progressive Joint Photographic Experts Group (P-JPEG), 108

Project directories, 151–152

Proprietary HTML extensions, 368–382

Prospero URLs, 487

support, 487

Protocol, 462–464, 495–496

Proximity, 153

Proxy servers, 527–528, 533, 541

Pseudo-URLs, 468, 490–493

Public domain icon archives, 127

Public-area workstations, 525

Publishing, goal, 130

Push buttons, defining, 383–387

PUT, 520, 536, 543

Q

Q element, 326

Queries, server processing, 480

Query strings, 465, 476–477, 477–478

Query-string encoding MIME type, 479

R

Radio buttons, 248–255

rcs. See Revision Control.

Readers, design, 170

READONLY attribute, 392

Realm, meaning, 524–525

Red-Green-Blue (RGB), 102–103, 104, 112, 113, 116, 202, 327, 333, 425

Redirection HTTP status field, 534

References, 44–45, 128, 342–343, 455–457, 494–496, 541–542, 574, 612–613

Referer field, 506

Relative URLs, 26–32, 465–467

Rendering information, 224–225

Repetition, 153

Request for Comments (RFC), 494

Request header, 502, 510–513. See also Client request header.

Request header-based environment variables, 555–560

Requested URL, 527

Res URLs (Internet Explorer 4), 492

Resampling, 109

Resource

finding, 155

identifier codes, 475

information, 513–515

location, 464

Response

fields. See Custom response fields.

header, 501, 502

server generation, 509

server send, 498

Returned text, browser parsing, 604

REV attributes, 317

Reveal codes, 1

Revision Control, 151–152

System (rcs), 152

RFC. See Request for Comments.

RFC 850, 541

RFC 1123, 540

RGB. See Red-Green-Blue.

Rlogin URLs, 488

Row properties, 76

Rows, 75–76

S

S element, 329

Safe gateway programs, 572–573

SAMP element, 326

Scalability, 544

sccs. See Source Code Control System.

Scribe, 11

SCRIPT, 456–457

changes, 437

content, alternative, 341–342

element, 222–224, 432–435

Script files, 346, 436

Script-generated text, 222

Scripting, 432. See Advanced scripting.

Scrolling text marquee, 375–377

Searchable document, 215–216

Searches, query strings, 476

Secure financial transaction, 542

Secure HTTP

procotol (S-HTTP), 526

servers, 525

Secure News (Snews) URLs, 486

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 482, 525–526

encryption technology, 486

Security, 542

Security Enhanced Transaction (SET), 526

Security wrapper, 607

SELECT, options list, 256–257

SELECT element, 255–256

Semantic markup comparison. See Physical markup.

Serial document collections, 49–51

Server

application programming interfaces (APIs), 544–545, 573–574, 574

caching, 527–528

client send, 500–501, 545–546

closed connection, 499

comparisons, 542. See also Browser/server comparisons.

cookie send, 571

data send, 520

directives, 509, 547, 551–552. See also Gateway program server directives.

field, 508

gateway send, 547

issues, 480–481

protocol, 25

response, 506–510, 507–510

Server-based imagemap active images, 118–119

SERVER element, 380

Server/newsgroup, referencing, 486

Server-push, 577–583

animation, 577

efficiency, 577

shell script, 579–580

Server-side

Active-X components, 544

databases, 126

document parsing, 607–608

imagemaps, 125, 396

information, 128

JavaScript, 380

program, 85

scripting, 442–445

Server-side includes (SSI), 560, 575, 583–590, 584, 612

configuration settings, 589

environment variables, 560

page counters, 609

SET. See Security Enhanced Transaction.

SGML. See Standard Generalized Markup Language.

SGML-valid mechanism, 374

Shockwave, 171, 402

Short inline quotation, 326

S-HTTP. See Secure HTTP protocol.

Sign documents, ADDRESS usage, 38

Single-character keyboard shortcut, 392

Sites. See World Wide Web sites.

SIZE attribute, 39

SMALL element, 329

Snews. See Secure News.

SOCKS proxy support, 528

Source Code Control System (sccs), 152

Space characters. See Anchor elements.

SPACER, 380–382

Spaces, interpretation, 11

Space-separated URLs, 211, 404

Spacings, 77, 276–278. See Horizontal spacing; Vertical spacing.

SPAN, 292–294, 329, 427

Special ASCII characters, 461-462

Special Class ID URLs, 489–490

Special GIF image properties, 110–114

Special markup, 338–342

Sponsorship areas, 173

SQL. See Structured Query Language.

Squid cache, 528

SRC attributes, 22, 302, 360, 364, 370, 412, 471

SRC element, 491

SRC-specified resource, 417

SSI. See Server-side includes.

SSL. See Secure Sockets Layer.

Standard environment variables, 555

Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), 150, 185, 188, 342, 455

Standard input, 546

Standards-based markup elements, 345

Start tags, 5, 6, 190

State preservation. See Common Gateway Interface.

hidden elements, 568–569

Netscape cookies, 569–572

Stateless connections, 499–500

Status code, 507

Status line, 507–508

Stop tags, 5

Strategic Web site design, 161–181

STRIKE element, 329–331

Strike-through, 329

String separators, 550

Stripped URL, 467

STRONG

element, 326

emphasis, 326

Struck-out text, 329–331

Structural layout control, 3

Structured Query Language (SQL)

databases, 611, 612

gateways, 611–612

Structured tree-like collections, 139–143

STYLE, 365, 423–424

content, 430

elements, 213, 224–225

Style guide, development, 179

Style sheets, 4, 13, 327, 422, 423. See also HyperText Markup Language.

approach, 419

comparison. See LAYERs.

information, 224–225

languages, 420

overview, 419–420

padding property, 310

support, 418

SUB element, 332

Subject information, specification, 483–484

Subscript, 332

SUP element, 332

Superscript, 332

Supported image formats, 105–108

Sybase, 611

Symbolic name, 367, 373

Syntax rules. See Uniform Resource Locators.

System 7.5, 95

T

Tabbing order, 250, 318

TABINDEX attribute, 393

TABLE

elements, 47, 194, 283–291

Table, 72–83, 271–301, 283–291. See Advanced tables.

alignments, 81–82

Body (TBODY) element, 296

caption, 291–292

cells, 15, 278–279

alignment, 75–76

Data (TD), 74–76, 81, 271–278, 284–286, 298–301

elements, 298–301

Footer (TFOOT) element, 296–297

Headers (TH), 74–76, 81, 271–278, 284–286

Headers (THEAD) elements, 295–296, 298–301

Headings, 298–301

padding, 77

presentation, 276–278

Rows (TR), 74–76, 271, 284–286, 297–298

widths, 81–82

Table of Contents, 51–52. See also Elements-based table of contents.

Table-generation program, 287

TABLEs, 74, 76

Tabs, interpretation, 11

Tabular structures, 271–301, 283–291. See also Advanced tabular structure.

Tags, 1, 13

names, 5

Tape archiver, 54

TARGET

attribute, 351

group, analysis, 174

name. See Nonexistent TARGET name; Predefined TARGET names.

specification, 353

TBODY element. See Table.

TCP/IP, 142, 512, 525

TD. See Table.

TeachText, 5

Telnet, 487–488, 500, 501

Test directories, 151

TeX, 11, 453–454

Text

boxes, 248–255

colors, 116

document, logical organization, 2

font size/color, 327–329

image alignment, 21

input region, 257–260

mode, 473

string, 21, 29, 406

TEXTAREA

element, 257–260

region, 604

Text-based icons, 42–43

Text-based navigation aids, 43

Text-only browsers, 361

Text-related icons/text, linkage, 29

Text-specific instructions, 430

Text-to-speech synthesizer, 291

TFOOT element. See Table.

TH. See Table.

THEAD element. See Table.

Thumbnail sketches, 57

TIFF images, 395

Tiling, tables usage, 80–81

Time formats, 542

specification, 537–541

Time/date formats, 542

TITLE element, 225–226

Tn3270 URLs, 488

TR. See Table.

TR element. See Table.

Transactions per connection, 499

Transparent GIFs, 128

images, 111–114

TrueDoc, 452

TT element, 332

Tunnels, 176–177

TYPE

attribute, 437

support, 305

Typecode strings, 472. See also File Transfer Protocol.

problems, 475

Typed code, 325

Type-labeling mechanisms, 437

U

U element, 332

UCS. See Universal Character Set.

UL. See Unordered list.

UL element. See Unordered List element.

Uncgi, 606–607

Underline, 332

Uniform Resource Citation (URC), 494

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), 494, 529

specification, 496

Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), 6, 16, 24–26, 49, 61, 72, 85, 102, 115, 118, 119, 137, 150, 151, 161, 172, 177, 193, 202, 254, 305, 355, 400, 459–496, 545, 548–551

encoding scheme, 561, 563

fragment identifier, 423

location, 369

path information, 546

special characters, 28

Uniform Resource Names (URNs), 493–494, 496

Universal Character Set (UCS), 186, 451

UNIX, 95, 96, 104, 142, 143, 328, 466, 471, 473, 608

graphics, 3

image viewing program, 59

shell script, 122

systems, 123, 485, 501

users, 54

workstations, 5, 106, 112

UNIX-like path structure, 27

UNIX-style manual page, 113

Unordered List (UL) element, 55, 265–267

Updater, 442

URC. See Uniform Resource Citation.

URI. See Uniform Resource Identifier.

URL-encoded format, 483

URLs. See Uniform Resource Locators.

Url-to-document, 413

URNs. See Uniform Resource Names.

USEMAP attribute, 399

USENET, 464, 485

User authentication, 520–526, 542

User feedback, soliciting, 156

User-Agent field, 505, 512

V

VALUE, 88, 248, 567, 568, 604, 385, 606

VALUETYPE, support, 305

VALUETYPE/TYPE, support, 407

VAR element, 326

Variable name, 88, 248, 250, 326

Variable value, 585

VAX/VMS systems, 464

VBScript, 4, 209, 247, 431, 435, 446

Vertical padding, 291

Vertical space, 239

Vertical spacing, 12–13, 380–382

Viewer applications, 58

View-Source URLs (Netscape Navigator 4), 492–493

VISIBILITY, 417

attribute, 414

Visibility, 412

VRML, 180, 307

VSPACE, 67–69, 71

W

WAIS. See Wide Area Information Server.

WBR element, 382

W3C code library, 607

Web-accessible resources, 139

Web-appropriate graphical design, 163

Web-based accessibility, 166

Web-based commerce, 167

Web-based data, 155

Web-based SGML resources, 342

Web/HTTP servers, 7

Webmaster, 150–151

WebNotice, 590, 597–603

obtaining, 605

usage. See Notice addition.

Web-related applications, 442

What You Get Is What You Meant (WYGIWYM), 2

What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG), 2

WHOIS++ servers, 493

Wide Area Information Server (WAIS), 25, 459, 462

databases, 39

gateways, 609–610

URLs, 488

WIDTH attribute, 81, 82, 295, 411

Windows 95, 95

Windows browsers, 60

Windows colormap, 104

Windows NT, 95

WinZip, 53

Word break, 382

World Wide Web (WWW), 23, 193, 459, 522, 597

applications, 105, 107, 152, 607

branches, distinguishing, 145–146

broadcasting, 171

Browser Helper Applications, 142

browsers, 3, 8, 13, 16, 23, 56, 94, 108, 117, 132, 177, 474, 476. See also Experimental Web browsers.

collections, 129–159

Consortium, 407, 448, 494

documents, 133, 135, 142–143, 153, 186

FAQ, 29, 44

graphics, 102–105, 128

indexing tools, 220

interface, usability, 167–168

manager, 150

naming schemes, 493–494

page layout, 347

pages, 16, 39, 95, 155, 168, 172, 176

planning/implementing, 158

references, 45

resources, 45, 98, 156

search engine, 221

servers, 25, 33, 154, 157

USENET Newsgroups, 44–45

World Wide Web (WWW) sites, 43, 83, 161, 179. See also Content-driven Web sites; Customer service Web sites; E-commerce web sites.

accessibility, 157

architect, 176

architecture, 174–181

collections, 143–150

creation, 156–157

design, 150–158, 174–181. See also Strategic Web site design.

home page, 151

management, 150–158

management/design, 174

marketing, 162–165

organization, 150–151

speed, 157

storyboarding, 174

visitors, 155–156, 178

WWW. See World Wide Web.

WYGIWYM. See What You Get Is What You Meant.

WYSIWYG. See What You See Is What You Get.

Wysiwyg URLs (Netscape Navigator 4), 493

X

X-Bitmaps, 105–106, 107, 112

formats, 105

images, 24, 108

XML. See eXtensible Markup Language.

X-Pixelmaps, 23, 107, 305

formats, 105

X-Windows browser, 561

Y

Yahoo, 139–142, 148, 152, 221

list. See HTML-related Web resources.

Z

Zero-width invisible borders, 289

Z-INDEX attribute, 411, 412, 415