HEALTHY AND FIT AT OLD AGES
Sugiharto 
Sport Science Department
Faculty of Sport Science
Semarang State University

Abstract
Old ages period constitutes a condition of aging phenomena and disease accumulation that actually constitute a condition of the Physio-biological decreasing phase to the deadline established by Allah SWT who creates us.
Fitness is not only physical fitness, it mirrors live quality that full of working spirit (active living). Therefore, fitness also concern psychological and social fitness.
Let us wait the age without accompanied by ”disease ” which is basically because of our own behaviors.
Key word: Healt, old ages, fit, and physical fitness

Foreword 
   	Old ages period constitutes a condition of aging phenomena and disease accumulation that actually constitute a condition of the Physio-biological decreasing phase to the deadline established by Allah SWT who creates us. On that phase, we really expect a healthy condition during the physical condition decrease term to longevity that be given. But arises of the aging phenomena troubling and accumulated disease are related to the behavior or life style, both psychologically and physically.
Meanwhile, type of work can also evoke particular behavior that closely related to the rise of a disease. Therefore, on the basis of those ideas, relevance of a work and behaviours may evoke accumulated disease and may make worse aging phenomena (WHO, 2003).  
Condition of stress (psikologically and physically) is  the main factor that can trouble old-age period. Both factors influence body deeper to genetic region.  
 
The Nature of Health 
Health is hard to describe. It deals with someone’s point of view to the health meaning holistically. Health educators see health as a concept which is subjective, comprehensive and multidimensional (Balog, 2005), it is as WHO'S concept that define health as a complex physical situation, mental and good social and not only the absence of diseased or weakness. 
Health has meaning that really philosophical for human beings. Purposing health meaning shall be started by realizing health logically and realistically upon ourselves  which means physical condition. Health is not just a concept that subjective and relative that is made and is defined relates to cultural point and social norm. Health is indeed in reference to human body situation, one that give importance on health for human. There are some assuming that health is only about physical condition of human marked by the level of fitness or its well functioning of human body organ. That statement has separated to pieces the build of soul from its body. The motto of ” ”Orandum est ut sit, mens sana in corpore sano” is not a meaningless motto. The health of  Human body must necessarily be seen from both soul and body. It is not possible man comes to pieces a part soul and body inside him.  

Physical Fitness 
   	Fitness is not only physical fitness, it mirrors live quality that full of working spirit (active living). Therefore, fitness also concern psychological and social fitness  (Bauchard, 1990).  
   	Stepping-up physical Fitness is one of the goals of the human resources development. The quality level of one’s physical fitness or of every individual is unequal. So, the concept and Physical Fitness construction ladder shall be clear. Moreover, the yardstick utilized is only one bounds of physical stirred performance or ” physical performance of movement ” (Rushall, 1990).  
Individual’s physical ability is determined by the quality of his Physical Fitness. One that has good physical fitness can get job up to 8 hour just utilize 50% of its aerobic capacities, meanwhile on one that has bad physical fitness have experienced with exhaustion as on image 1 (Sharkey, 1996). 
Besides, physical fitness state is the phase and capital which shall be endeavored by the aims of achievement sport development.  

Figure 1. Physical Fitness  and working Ability (Sharkey BJ, 1996)

The goals of Physical Exercise Program (Get sport)  
Physical exercise program, is mainly aimed for physical fitness  attainment, recreation and achievement. Meanwhile, physiologically, the progam is attributed to:  
1.	increasing organ ability and body endurance system 
2.	avoiding damage (early), which may caused by physical factor, chemical and infection factor.  
3.	Removing stress or rehabilitation, so that physical exercise program particularly has to give impact of slowing the worn-down of the organ, tissue, or body cell, more over at old ages.  

Physical Exercise benefit (Physical Fitness) 
In common, physical activity that is done consecutively gets: (WHO, 2003).
1.   	Reducing death risk before its time 
2.    	Reducing reverential death risk of heart disease and stroke with the comparison 1:3 of all deaths 
3.    	Reducing hearts disease increasing risk and intestine cancer until 50%  
4.    	Reducing diabetes increasing risk type II. until 50% 
5.    	Help to reduce and keep away hypertension with the effect 1:3 of world mature resident populations 
6.    	Help to reduce and keep away osteoporosis, decreasing hip broken risk until 50% on woman 
7.    	Reducing backs pain increasing risk 
8.    	Increasing good psychic, reducing stress, dread, depressed and lonely. 
9.    	Help to keep or control risky behavior especially on child and stripling, such as alcohol addiction and a variety of harmful substance, insanitary diet or violence. 
10.    	Help to control body weight and down obesity risk until 50% compared to person having still-life style. 
11.    	Help to form and keep bone health, muscle and joint, and to increase the stamina of chronic sick person and paralyzed. 
12.    	Can help to manage sick condition, such as back pain and joint-knee pain.

Physical fitness and Age on Physical Exercise.  
As it has been pertained above, that our body also need to be kept as our other goods, because, our body organ, if we increase their optimal ability, will give more and longer decrease physiologically (as on the following image).  

Figure 2. Age Relationship and One’s fitness level

Age of man was foredoomed by Creators, but the most necessary point is that we are trusted to look after our body organ function that can uphold our body to get godfearing and pray to Him. One of physical exercise impacts is the the change of  LDL and HDL ratio. High rate in blood may hurt cardiovascular system (vein), by performing physical exercise regularly will decrease LDL rate decrease and increase HDL (protective). Furthermore, optimal and agreeable dose of exercising can fix vein quality. So, the quality of heart and vein, as the aorta of life, can be awaked and support life at old ages. 

 Ladder principles of Physical Fitness Building 
In performing the ladder of physical fitness building, it is needed to know physical exercise principle as follows: 
1.    	excessive charges, particularly it is important for achievement sport.  
2.   	avoiding overtraining 
3.    	paying attention on recovery phase.  
4.    	specific training, according to training aim and physical state. 
5.    	the need of preserving charges 
6.    	periodic training program, if there is a contest, or competition.  
7.    	individual, unequal training dose to all individuals.  

Especially for old ages, physical fitness building ladder to keep in good health hall always be controlled and consulted to its expert. 

Conclusion. 
    	Our age has been determined by our Creator, Allah, but early damage or the finding of a disease on our body organ depends on how we do the care effort, whereas body care is often ignored.  

Suggestion 
       	Let us wait the age without accompanied by ”disease ” which is basically because of our own behaviors. 

References

Balog, Joseph E, 2005. The Meaning of Health,  American Journal of Health Education, Sep/Oct 2005; 36, 5; Proquest Education Journals Pg. 266.

Bauchard C, Mcpherson BD, Taylor AW, 1990. Physical Activity Science, Champaign: Human Kinetics Books, pp. 65, 83, 211. 227

Bauchard C, Shephard RJ and Stephens T, 1993. Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health, Champaign : Human Kinetics Publisher, pp. 11, 93.
 
Dick, FW, 1992. Sport Training Principles. London : A&C Black, pp.. 46-47, 162-170, 241-267. 

Morehouse LE and Miller AT, 1996. Physiology Exercise, USA: The CV Mosby Co., pp.223-238. 

Rushall BS and Pyke FS, 1990. Training for Sport and Fitness. Australia: The MacMillan o. of Australia PTV Ltd., pp. 41-120.

Sharkey BJ, 1996. Coaches Guideto Sport Physiology. Champaign : Human Kinetics Publisher, pp. 289-296. 

Tinley S and McAlpine K, 1994. Sport Endurance. Pennysylvania : Rodale Press, pp. 90-151.